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                "title": "Refutation of metal analysis deconstructions by IIG",
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                        "*": "[[Category:Articles_by_others]]\n= <span style=\"color:#000000;\">Few words</span> =\n\nDr Vogel's analysis of metal samples given by Meier have been attempted to be de-constructed thrice by IIG. \n\nThe first attempted de-construction was published in IIG website and also reproduced in billymeierufocase.com<ref>http://www.billymeierufocase.com/metaldeconstruction.html</ref>*. It is not known who authored the deconstruction, but it could very well be Ivan (who authored the second and third attempts). Ivan has a Phd in Electrical Engineering from University of California (UCLA). He is associated with HRL Laboratories, LLC (a contractor for DARPA). He is also an active member of IIG.\n\nA second attempt at deconstruction was made on December 2011 by Ivan Alvarado-Rodriguez and also published in IIG website and reproduced in billymeierufocase.com<ref>http://www.billymeierufocase.com/metaldeconstructionupdate.html</ref>*. This was essentially an update of the first.\n\nA lesser known, updated version of the second attempt, was published in Openminds.tv <ref>http://www.openminds.tv/deconstruction-billy-meiers-metal-samples/28955</ref> in January 2012. This was again authored by Ivan Alvarado. \n\n\nHenceforth these will be referred as \u201cfirst attempt\u201d, \u201csecond attempt\u201d and \u201cthird attempt\u201d.\n\n\nThe author strongly encourage the readers to read [[#Appendix A \u2013 Important terms and procedures]] before reading rest of the article, and to reference the original article during reading.\n\n= <span style=\"color:#000000;\">Part 1 \u2013 First Attempt</span> =\n\n\n\nIIG mentions:<span style=\"color:#004586;\">'''\u201c'''</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">1. The 1983 book </span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">UFO\u2026Contact From The Pleiades Volume II</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\"> [1], the 1987 book </span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">Light Years: An Investigation Into The Extraterrestrial Experiences Of Eduard Meier</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\"> [2], and the 2001 book </span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">And Yet\u2026They Fly!</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\"> [3] all state that research chemist Marcel Vogel used a scanning electron microscope to analyze the metal sample.</span>\n\n<div style=\"color:#004586;\">2. All three books also state that Marcel Vogel detected the rare-Earth element Thulium using the scanning electron microscope.\u201d</div>\n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">We know that it is scientifically impossible to determine the composition of an object simply using a </span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">microscope regardless of the magnification.\u201d</span>\n\nIIG based this conclusion from Guido's And Still They Fly where Guido joined two different analysis in same paragraph (pp 181) to convey that a small area under electron microscope enlarged 500 dia showed evidence of micro-machination and the same area contained rare-earth element Thulium. IIG thus assumed electron microscope photographs were used to detect micro-machination were used to detect Thulium. Detection of Thulium using electron microscope photographs was not found either in Light Years, Preliminary report or Supplementary report. It was mentioned, electron microscope was used. But it is of paramount importance that either electron microscope, scanning electron microscope or scanning transmission electron microscope can be and usually the source of electron for an Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS or EDX) <ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy#Equipment http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy#Equipment]</ref>. This type of x-ray production in the sample is the same principle as that of the generation of x-rays used in x-ray diffraction instruments. Detectors in EDS collect the characteristic x-rays that are generated from the sample to allow for compositional analysis of the material<ref>http://www2.arnes.si/~sgszmera1/html/material_analysis.html</ref>. In fact, IIG failed to consider the videos of metal analysis where Marcel Vogel produced spectroscopic results to analyse the elemental composition and where he detected Thulium and other elements. \n\nWhat Vogel actually did is there in tape for everyone to see. He pointed into the plain section of one sample and mentioned that he found evidence of what looks like mechanical manipulation. He mentioned that ''\u201cWe did and analysis of this area here, now at 500 diameter (showing the electron microscope image), the elements that we found (turns over to the spectroscopic analysis) were totally surprising. The major element which is shown here was the rare-earth metal Thulium (spells). It was totally unexpected with a very small trace down here Bromine. This minute dump down here was a combination of Argon and Silver. Now the remarkable thing we noticed was that yes we got this band here (points to where he detected Thulium), this was the only one that matched in the spectral analysis in the computer, but the secondary bands that are connected with it were not present, meant that it was a very pure metal, but the secondary emissions were not present.\u201d''\n\n\n<span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">Vogel used two different techniques to find evidence of micro-machination (video or image from electron microscope), and elemental composition using energy dispersive spectroscopy with a scanning electron microscope (used as source). IIG implies that Electron microscope (photograph) was used in elemental analysis, which is an argument for distraction.</span>\n\n\nIIG mentions:<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">3. The 1987 and 2001 books both state that \u201cone microscopic area revealed </span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">''\u2018an enormous m\u00e9lange of almost all of the elements in the periodic table. Each pure element was bonded to each of the others, yet somehow retained its own identity.''</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201d </span>\n\n\nThe author could locate this comment in the second edition of the 2001 book \u201cAnd Yet They Fly\u201d, i.e. Guido's \u201cAnd Still They Fly\u201d. \n\n<span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">Vogel had analysed other areas of the same sample before and in the crystalline part, found Silicon, Iron, </span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">and Sulpher. The comment Vogel actually gave - </span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">''\u201cIn this crystalline area, the predominant element was Silicon, and iron, and there was a secondary band of Sulpher, which is right here. These are very very intense bands and </span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">'''we did not attempted to analyse the other particular lines'''</span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\"> (gestures in between Silicon and Iron, and Iron and beyond) of the <muffled>, we just took the 3 main ones and list out there.\u201d ''</span>\n\n<span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">Note that in the video Vogel never said that \u201call\u201d the other lines are elements \u2013 just that he did not analyse them (for reasons unknown). One probable reason is that what looks like Bremsstrahlung radiation in a poor quality video, had some features that prompted Vogel to suspect other elements (not legible from the not-so-sharp video). Certainly </span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">auto-peak-detection (refer [[#Appendix A \u2013 Important terms and procedures]]) by the computer did not work, probably because of the unusually smooth fall off which was either due to low peak to background ratio, or due to the close spacing of peaks. The instrument could have interpreted any adjoining peaks as background and therefore had ignored probable elements. That Vogel suspected other elements in the region what appears now to be Bremsstrahlung continuum is a fact, but he did not further analyse this as evident from the video. Also this region, even if contained hidden peaks, Vogel would have found I extremely tough to meaningfully identify elements from this section. Hidden peaks or not</span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">, it is not possible to deduce from the data at hand, that in any way </span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">''\u2018an enormous m\u00e9lange of almost all of the elements in the periodic table\u201d can be''</span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\"> inferred from the concerned section of the video of the spectral analysis. Why Guido's comment was linked to this part of spectral analysis by IIG, is unknown, as there is doubt that Guido's inference is based on analysis of another area of the sample, not on video. Vogel might not have recorded the concerned section at all as we will investigate now.</span>\n\n<span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">The author is of the opinion that this comment by Guido echoes the point made by Wendelle and the investigators in the Preliminary Report pp 426 as reproduced below. This paragraph reproduced below is the best match which could have been taken by Guido as source. Note that this paragraph is a part of a summary that lists the findings of the investigators, i.e findings from both metallic and non-metallic (crystalline) part, and this summary is again based on information provided in the preceding pages of the report.</span>\n\n\n[[File:IIG_Metal_Deconstruction_-_preliminary_rep_-_unusual_number.jpg|300px|thumbnail|center|Unusual number of trace elements]]\n\n\n\n<span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">However, on closer inspection, this statement is not related to the crystalline part of the sample, whose spectrograph shows what looks to be Silicon, Iron, Sulfur and what appears to be Bremsstrahlung continuum (in which Vogel might have suspected other elements), </span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">'''but some area of the metal part'''</span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\"> and here's why:</span>\n\nAfter describing that Thulium was found and that secondary bands for elements were missing (Preliminary report pp424) the Preliminary report states that non-electric cold fusion was suspected because of no ash or heat residue, and that pure Aluminium and Silver were also found (now into Preliminary report pp425), then the next paragraph mentions:\n\n[[File:IIG_Metal_Deconstruction_-_preliminary_rep_-_metallic_part.jpg|300px|thumbnail|center|Describing the metallic part]]\n\nImmediately after the above paragraph (Figure \"Describing the metallic part\"), the report proceeds to explicitly mention that a non-metallic (i.e. crystalline) part of the sample is now being referred. The text of the report starting from \"Examination of a non-metallic part of the specimen..\" until the summary, has no mention of findings of any atomic build up or large number of elements, and that makes it clear that the source of the point 3 in the summary is from the the paragraph reproduced in the Figure \"Describing the metallic part\". \n\nThe author noted that the spectrograph which yielded Rhenium is '''not''' shown in video. Any x-ray diffraction analysis that might have been done by Vogel were also not made part of the interview video. It is highly likely that Vogel did not record 100% of his analysis in video, and that there were additional tests that Vogel carried out outside camera, and that could have given him additional insights.\n\n\nIIG Mentions:<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">Even using magnification far greater than what Marcel Vogel used in his analysis it is still impossible to view the elemental, chemical, or atomic structure of an object using a scanning electron microscope.</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201d</span>\n\n\n<span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">Guido, in his book combined </span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">two different analysis in same paragraph (And Still They Fly pp 181) to convey that a small area under electron microscope enlarged 500 diameter showed evidence of micro-machination and the same area contained rare-earth element Thulium.</span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\"> </span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">That Vogel used two different techniques, evidence of micro-machination was determined studying image from electron microscope, while elemental composition determination was determined using spectral analysis (with a scanning electron microscope as source), is for everybody to see on video. </span>\n\n<span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">IIG naively implies that Electron microscope (photograph) was used in elemental analysis, which is wrong. The fact is \u2013 Vogel did a micro-structure analysis (using SEM), then did a spectral analysis using energy dispersive spectroscopy to find the elements is there for everyone to see. Furthermore, the investigators intended to do perform x-ray diffraction analysis and Vogel was the right person, for this technique is ing widely used for x-ray crystallography. Though not on the interview video, it is likely that x-ray diffraction technique was also used to further analyse the structure and bonding. </span>\n\n''From preliminary report - \u201cWe could see at this point that there are at least three more things we must do with these specimens. We should have an x-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscope photographs to determine the structure of the alloy \u2013 how it is put together. We should also perform an energy dispersive x-ray examination and try to get a good quantitative analysis.\u201d ''\n\n\nIIG mentions:<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201cAs mentioned earlier, he was not a metallurgist.  He was a chemist. As such, he was not qualified to perform a metallurgical analysis of Billy Meier\u2019s metal sample. A chemist is defined as \u201ca person versed in chemistry or given to chemical investigation.\u201d A metallurgist is defined as a person versed in \u201cthe study of metals and their properties in bulk and at the atomic level.\u201d </span>\n\nIIG fails to mention a chemist is an expert on the study of composition of matter and its properties and expert in doing so \u2013 precisely what he did with the metal samples. By virtue of his profession, he would have had extensive experience in SEM EDS technique. <span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">He had also become an expert in optical microscopy courtesy his work with crystals.</span> In his own words - ''\u201cFor the past 20 years, since 1960, I have developed a skill in optical microscopy because I waned to study liquid crystal systems\u201d''. Plus, Vogel had 32 patents and an illustrious career in the line of luminescence, phosphor, magnetics and liquid crystals. To be an expert in the before mentioned areas, Vogel had to be an expert in most of the areas he applied during the sample testing.\n\nBy IIG's own logic, IIG's Ivan, who is a PhD in Electrical Engineering, would be discredited by just looking at the credential, being an Electrical Engineer and not a metallurgist.\n\n\nIIG mentions:<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">It turns out that an actual metallurgist did analyse the metal sample and this is what was revealed:</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">Page 214 of the 2001 book </span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">And Yet\u2026They Fly!</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\"> states the following:</span>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\"><span style=\"color:#004586;\">''A metallurgist from the University of Arizona examined one of the metal fragments and analysed it as a simple \u2018cooking pot metal\u2019 or cheap cast metal alloy used to produce such things as tin soldiers.\u201d''</span>\n\nThis comment has to be looked into with perspective. There are several possible origin of this comment as we will see.</div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\">From Gary Kinder's Light Years:''\u201cAnd Elders reminded Stevens that a metallurgist at the University of Arizona had already examined one of Meier\u2019s metal specimens and labeled it \u201cpotmetal,\u201d a low-grade casting alloy used to make such things as tin soldiers.\u201d''</div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\">But also next sentence:</div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\">''\u201cThese were the initial steps in the analysis,\u201d recalled Welch. \u201cCompared to what ultimately occurred, they were very, very, very basic.\u201d''</div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\">From And Still They Fly (2<sup>nd</sup> edition of And Yet They Fly):\u201c''A metallurgist from a Swiss Company in Dubendorf, examined one of the metal fragments and analysed it as a simple \u201ccooking pot\u201d metal or a cheap cast metal alloy used to produce such things as tin soldiers.\u201d''</div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\">Assuming Gary Kinder's version of Elders' statement and Guido's And Yet They Fly version were right:</div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\">Dr. Walker did found many interesting properties. State 3 sample was analysed by Walter Walkers who found the dark granules (of pulverised state 3 sample) uniformly embedded through the solid chunk in \u201cfree\u201d state. The dark granules of pulverised state 3 sample were found to be non-metallic and angular shape which raised the question that if the alloy was created using normal melting process, the heat and abrasion would have rounded off their angular point edges, meaning the sample was created using an unknown method. Metal sample also oxidised very rapidly at even 16% humidity. The state 4 sample analysis revealed some sort of bonding of molecular contact in high vacuum. The same did not oxidized even though it contain same component element of state 3 sample. A summary of the interesting properties detected by Walker is presented later in this critic.Assuming that Walker could not associate above findings to unearthly origin and hence theorised the metal to be pot metal (refer Appendix A), such a statement is still quite generic and does not explain the anomalies, neither the behavior observed by Walker. In fact such statement, if originated from Walker, contradicts his own analysis. Moreover, he tested more than one sample at least, but it is mentioned ''\u201cAnd Elders reminded Stevens that a metallurgist at the University of Arizona had already examined '''one of Meier\u2019s metal specimens''' and labeled it 'potmetal' a low-grade casting alloy used to make such things as tin soldiers.\u201d ''So probability of Walker making such statement was minimal to non-existant. Probably some other metallurgist tested one of the samples in the gross manner that EMPA did.</div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\">Assuming Guido's And Still They Fly version is right:Metallurgist from Dubendorf would imply a metallurgist from Swiss lab EMPA located in Dubendorf. Such a comment is not there in report. Assuming it was verbally communicated, then it is to be noted that the investigators felt the need of additional tests after obtaining EMPA result. Welch's sentence indicate that till this point, only basic tests were run on the evidence (photos and metals in discussion) and certainly not the kind of tests they would have liked to run as conclusive analysis. During Vogel's analysis, Vogel was heard saying, that each section of the sample have to be analysed separately and an overall analysis was not enough. It is likely that because of this same reason, EMPA and Walker found slightly different composition for the samples. </div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\">The \u201cpotmetal\u201d comment could also possibly originate from the graduate student from UCLA who kept the sample for 2 days, and declared that the sample is nothing unusual, but is mere speculation.</div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\">Note that Vogel also, while inspecting the stage 3 sample 4 remarks (part 3, 2:05 mark) that ''\u201cthe preliminary identification of this metal is copper, nickel and silver. Silver solder which is used for many forms of welding is a combination of Silver and nickel\u201d'', highlighting the similarity of the preliminary composition analysis to common cheap metal.</div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\">It is not conclusive who and why labeled the sample as pot-metal. Even if the above experts made such a comment, either they contradicted themselves, or insufficient tests were run. If Walker made the comment, he contradicted his findings big time. EMPA, and most likely, the unknown metallurgist from University of Arizona too, did not test the discrete parts of the sample, but did a general analysis. It is not know if the graduate student from UCLA did ran any serious tests, or he was really qualified for the same. </div>\n\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\">IIG mentions:</div><div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\"><span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">Originally a qualified metallurgist using spectrometry analyzed the metal and the sample was revealed to be nothing more than a combination of ordinary silver and copper.\u201d</span></div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\">Walker found Silver and copper for the sample number 6 from 5<sup>th</sup> stage using electronic spectrometer, as consistent with Swiss Lab. The rare element Thulium was found in sample 4 from 3<sup>rd</sup> stage, that too in a particular region. It is likely that the Swiss Lab did not examine all sections of the metal sample provided.</div>\n\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\"><span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">It was only after this disappointing result that the metal sample was then sent to the chemist Marcel Vogel who discovered an extraordinary composition for the metal using a scanning electron microscope.&nbsp; We know that it is scientifically impossible to determine the composition of an object simply using a microscope regardless of the magnification.</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201d</span></div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\">IIG failed to mention full reason: </div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\">Walker's analysis was not disappointing, rather interested the investigator to do more analysis. Tantalizing questions that rose from Walker analysis \u2013 how the meal was put together, unexpected outflow of gas from solid metal, possible oxidising agent in the composition, very quick oxidization at very low humidity, no remnant left of oxidized metal, etc. It was disappointing in the sense that while it highlighted several unusualness, it gave rise to more questions than answers. </div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\">After Walker's analysis, Steven's mention in his 1982 preliminary report ''\u201cWe could see at this point that there are at least three more things we must do with these specimens. We should have an x-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscope photographs ''to determine the structure of the alloy'' \u2013 how it is put together. We should also perform an energy dispersive x-ray examination and try to get a good quantitative analysis.\u201d ''</div>\n\nVogel never used microscope to determine composition. The photographs were used to determine the structure, and the spectograhs for elemental composition. Electron microscope is used for electron beam excitation in such an analysis set up. These are in Vogel's video for everyone to verify. \n\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\">IIG mentions:<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">Finally, if there were a material that contained almost all of the elements in the periodic table it would very likely be radioactive and therefore extremely hazardous to your health.&nbsp; It is just not possible for such a material to exist in the first place.\u201d</span></div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\"><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">This comment is present in Guido's And Still They Fly - </span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">\u201cone microscopic area revealed </span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">''\u2018an enormous m\u00e9lange of almost all of the elements in the periodic table''</span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">\u201d</span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">. It is explained before that this comment has no match from the Vogel analysis that is on video. This comment probably was a personal interpretation by Guido on the large number of trace elements detected by Vogel and commented on by the investigators. Such an inference by Mr. Guido or others without support from an expert analysis should be set aside as opinion only. Even the investigators did not cite \u201calmost all the elements\u201d anywhere when summarising the 9 exotic qualities of the sample (Preliminary report pp 426).</span></div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\"><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">However, it is to be noted that radioactive material are more abundant than we think. Uranium, for example</span> is more common than tin, about 40 times more common than silver and 500 times more common than gold. It\u2019s found in very low concentrations almost everywhere on earth in soil, rocks, water and even in a typical back yard. A typical backyard, with dimensions of 10 metres by 10 metres and a soil depth of one metre, contains about 300 grams of uranium. A typical backyard is therefore slightly radioactive<ref>http://www.cameco.com/uranium_101/uranium-overview/radiation/</ref>. They key is concentration<ref>http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Safety-and-Security/Radiation-and-Health/Occupational-Safety-in-Uranium-Mining/</ref>. Only above certain concentration level, radioactive materials are harmful. Just because a radioactive element is present in a material, does not always mean material is radioactive at harmful level. It may be present in trace amounts also.</div>\n\n= Part 2 \u2013 Second Attempt =\n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">''1.&nbsp;Material contains a wide range of elements of the periodic table.''</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">&nbsp;Vogel incorrectly interprets the continuum Bremsstrahlung X-ray spectrum as the spectrum produced by many element bands close together. The Bremsstrahlung spectrum contains no useful information about the element composition of a given sample.</span>\n\nIvan mentions:<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">The evidence presented here was a spectrum obtained using Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy.&nbsp;This </span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">spectrum is discussed in Part 3 of The Metal Analysis video at the 7:12 time mark. Figure 1 shows the spectrum taken by Vogel. \u201c</span>\n\n<span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">The picture which Ivan posted to de-construct...was the crystalline part that yielded Silicon, Iron and Sulfur. Here, Dr. </span>Vogel mentioned Iron, Silicon and Sulfur. He did not present this as evidence of either \u201calmost all elements of periodic table\u201d or \u201cwide range of trace elements\u201d. Vogel indicated that he did not analyse other bands (hovering his pointer to the Bremsstrahlung zone). <span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">One probable reason is that Vogel wanted to avoid a discussion on Bremsstrahlung radiation with a non-expert and also it is possible that the section he pointed, what looks like Bremsstrahlung radiation, he suspected several overlapping peaks. Note also how the fall-off is very smooth, nearly missing any sharp spikes (with increasing energy, the emission intensity decreased smoothly, never going up to produce a peak). It would have been very difficult for Dr. Vogel to analyse this portion meaningfully as the distinction between what were genuine peaks and what were just Bremsstrahlung was blurred. Vogel suspected other elements in this region </span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">'''but did not analyse them.'''</span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\"> </span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">On what basis Ivan inferred that Vogel used this spectrograph to justify wide range of elements and the same was linked with Guido's remark is not known. Refer [[#Part 1 \u2013 First Attempt \u2013 First Attempt]] also.</span>\n\n[[File:IIG_Metal_Deconstruction_-_video_part_3_screengrab_-_crystalline.jpg|300px|thumbnail|center|Analysis of crystalline part]]\n\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:0cm;\"></div>Ivan mentions:<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">For example, the unidentified band at 6.45KeV in (b) is likely to be Iron; the band at 0.29KeV in (b) identified as Calcium by the computer is likely to be Carbon (0.277 KeV) from the Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) known to be in the ore. Fig. 3 is a good example as to how the EDS X-Ray computer identification today still requires human intervention in the analysis of the results. This is an important fact that will be mentioned in the next section.\u201d</span>\n\nIvan only mentions half truth here. Important thing for EDS analysis is that one must understand how it gets labeled. If a match is found with characteristic emission, the Computer labels it on the screen itself. This is called auto-peak-detection [[#Appendix A \u2013 Important terms and procedures]. If and only if or when a non-perfect match is obtained, or a peak cannot be marked due to low peak to background ratio (Refer [[#Appendix A \u2013 Important terms and procedures]]), the Computer do not label and the spikes are represented with blanks, and the analyst marks these manually if required. \n\n[[File:IIG_Metal Deconstruction_-_screengrab_-_unmarked_peak.jpg|300px|thumbnail|center|Ivan's example of unmarked peak]]\n\nFor example, the spike in the sample graph above which Ivan shows, and for which he noticed a spike at 6.45 KeV (visually approximated) and comments it to be Iron, he did so because Iron has a strong K\u03b12 characteristics radiation at 6.403KeV. \n\n[[File:IIG Metal Deconstruction_-_screengrab_-_misidentified_peak.jpg|300px|thumbnail|center|Ivan's example of misidentified peak]]\n\nThen Ivan produces a spectrograph where to the very left, two peaks marked as Calcium (Ca, Ca) appears and which Ivan says would be Carbon. \n\nLet's see why EDS analysis may give erroneous results (e.g. as above). We are not considering the cases where a peak is left unmarked, as it was not the case here. We are only considering false identification of peaks or false positives (inaccurate analysis). The main categories are listed:# Human induced instrument error like wrong calibration, improper positioning, repeatability of focus, contamination, choosing lower P/B sensitivity, etc. \n# Error in correcting excessive deadtime and resulting peak shift.\n# Error due to relative intensity, i.e. low peak to background, resulting in a small spike from Bremsstrahlung being falsely identified as peak. Or setting a low threshold of peak to background, thus making the computer misidentify small bumps from continuum as peaks.\n# Analysis issues like sum peaks and most relevant being peak overlap. \n# Instrument limitation and susceptibility to misidentify certain closely spaced elements.\n\n\n\n\nRefer [[#Appendix A \u2013 Important terms and procedures]] for definition of deadtime, sum peaks, escape peak, peak overlap.\n\nLet's assume Ivan used an instrument that can effectively detect Carbon. \n\nCalcium has two inseparable peaks at 341.3 eV of L\u03b11 and L\u03b12 emission lines that always shows as one and one more peak of L1 emission line at 344.9 eV <ref>http://xdb.lbl.gov/Section1/Periodic_Table/Ca_Web_data.htm</ref>. In other words, there are 3 Calcium peaks in this region, but at best, shows as 2. <span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">Carbon, on the other hand, has a K\u03b11,2 peak at 277 eV <ref>http://xdb.lbl.gov/Section1/Periodic_Table/C_Web_data.htm</ref>.</span> Ivan was probably examining Dolomite, Ankerite or similar carbonate minerals of Calcium here. In such minerals, <span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">Calcium often has greater ratio by weight compared to Carbon. A closely spaced Calcium and Carbon peaks would sometime suppress the Carbon. In Ivan's example, one of the two distinguishable Calcium peaks are correctly shown, while the second peak masked the Carbon peak, thereby \u201comitting\u201d it from the auto-peak-detection [[#Appendix A \u2013 Important terms and procedures]]. So in this case, the omission of Carbon is probably due to peak overlap. </span>\n\nLet's look at a classic case of peak overlap in the same spectrograph. Look for K\u03b21 peak of Calcium at 4012 eV and find Calcium (Ca). Then look to the tallest peak which is also marked as Ca. There should be actually two markers of Calcium there for 3688eV for the K\u03b12 line and 3691 for the K\u03b11 line, but because K\u03b11 has greater intensity than K\u03b12 and closely spaced, the K\u03b12 line is overlapped by the K\u03b11 line of Carbon, in the same manner Carbon's line at 277ev is overlapped by one peak of Calcium. \n\nNote here that for peak overlap, the there need to be two peaks of different elements of for same element, where the taller peak masks the less intense hence shorter peaks.\n\nAlso note that Ivan \u201cknew\u201d that the ore he was testing contained Calcium Carbonate. He could understand that a Carbon peak at the 277eV should be present. Vogel did not \u201cknew\u201d the composition of the sample at hand. This theme will be expanded later in the critic. We will also analyse the possibility of peak overlaps for Thulium. We will also examine if a visual examination would have been helpful for Vogel. But for now we'll look at this case.\n\n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">''2. Material contains the rare-earth element Thulium.''</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\"> The EDS X-Ray spectrum shown by Vogel is Aluminium and not Thulium. This is concluded after Vogel's admission that the Thulium secondary bands were missing. Aluminium with traces of Silver is the best explanation for the spectrum shown.</span>\n\nIvan mentions: \n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">In particular, the band at 7.179 KeV is almost as strong as the 1.462 KeV band and must have necessarily appeared in Vogel's EDS scan if the element was indeed Thulium.\u201d</span>\n\nIvan failed to mention that Vogel did not find secondary bands of \u201cany elements\u201d in this analysis as mentioned in the preliminary report and we can also see from the spectrograph. and that included Thulium. This is very important.\n\nRefer Appendix B and compare with the spectrum obtained by Vogel, and you will find that similar to Thulium's secondary band, Bromine's secondary band which is almost as strong as the primary band, at 11.924 KeV is also missing that should have been detected also, but is absent from the spectral analysis. Similarly, Silver and Argon both showed up only once.\n\n\n[[File:IIG_Metal_Deconstruction_-_screengrab_-_Thulium.jpg|300px|thumbnail|center|Plain area part spectrograph that yielded Thulium as primary element]]\n\nNext, lets see why Ivan allege that Vogel mistook Aluminium for Thulium. For that, [[#Appendix B \u2013 Characteristics X-Ray of elements in discussion]] again have to be referred. Looking at Appendix B, one can see that Aluminium have the strongest characteristics band of 1.4867 KeV, which is not visually discernible from 1.4863 KeV secondary band, which is why Aluminium visually appears to be missing secondary band. And Aluminium's primary band at 1.486 KeV is close to Thulium's 1.462 KeV. Here, Aluminium and Thulium have a small characteristics spectral peak separation of 24 eV and that's why Evan insists that Vogel misidentified Aluminium as Thulium. \n\nCan Thulium be wrongly identified? \n\nFor an expert like Vogel, first cause (human error) is significantly reduced, though not eliminated. For an unknown sample, an argument that an expert has done mistake in calibration or tested the sample in a wrong manner, cannot be proved, so we have to take it at face value.\n\nHe would also have known how to correct for excessive deadtime which may result in peak shift.\n\nThe third issue (low peak to background) also can be ruled out since Thulium is shown as the major element and it is unlikely that this sample region with very sharp and tall peaks and near zero background can succumb to this error.\n\nPeak overlap due to one high intensity peak suppressing the low intensity peak, is also not applicable as we can see (Thulium is the major element and most intense peak). \n\nIn EDS analysis, it is the instrument assists in matching of the element by performing an algorithmic match of the characteristic emission with its database values. As mentioned before, this is called auto peak detection or identification [[#Appendix A \u2013 Important terms and procedures]]. There still remains a possibility that the instrument may identify one element in preference to another through its auto-peak detection algorithm <ref>http://www.geology.wisc.edu/~johnf/g777/Scanning/Newbury_2009.pdf</ref>. It is due to a combination of the shortcomings of the detector and the algorithm used for auto-peak-detection. In EDS analysis, the spectral resolution is poor and due to this finer study not possible. Another technique called the Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, or WDS analysis <ref>[http://mcff.mtu.edu/acmal/electronmicroscopy/MA_EDS_WDS.htm http://mcff.mtu.edu/acmal/electronmicroscopy/MA_EDS_WDS.htm]</ref> is used which was not further applied by Vogel. Due to low spectral resolution of EDS, the computer have to make certain assumption and out of many possibility to fit one element or an other element or a combination of elements to a peak, especially if the peak is of the wide type. Different software sometimes would produce different results. But how bad this is? In this case, the Thulium peak detected was tall and sharp and the possibility of computer error is still further reduced, hough still not fully eliminated. What if still the computer erred? I<span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">t is estimated</span> that for major elements, the EDS auto-peak-identification fails for about 3% of cases<ref>http://epmalab.uoregon.edu/Workshop3/Peak_ID_Workshop08-Handout.pdf</ref>. In other words, this is accurate for 97% of the cases.<span style=\"background-color:transparent;\"> Even though inaccurate result of 3% is considered very acceptable in practical life, it is considered pretty poor in scientific measurement. </span>\n\nBut in layman term, a well calibrated EDS operated by a trained expert can be used to predict major constituent elements correctly much more often than not. \n\nVogel used the auto-peak-identification as evident from his comment during his interview ''\u201c...Yes, we got this band here, '''this is the only one that matched in the spectral analysis in the computer''', but the secondary bands that are connected with it are not present\u201d''. He may have run repeat checks or additional verification, but is not known.\n\nSo when visual analysis is done? And should visual analysis be done by Vogel? \n\nVisual analysis is done for two cases. First, in cases if the algorithm is not fairly sure, the peak would be left unmarked, only for a manual identification to take place by an analyst, which does not happen in this case. Second, in case of characteristics emission of different elements in close spectral vicinity, all the secondary and minor peaks are used to obtain a curve. Then this curve is fitted in the spectrograph to eliminate or justify the possibility of the element auto detected, or to counter and justify another element. Secondary peaks were not present in the spectrograph obtained by Vogel as we can see from the graph and he could never have applied this technique.\n\nIvan's deconstruction of Vogel's mistaken element is a matter of opinion only and not an absolution as he presents. First, The computer marks Thulium and not Vogel (Ivan is betting on instrument error). Second, Vogel had little option to do a visual analysis. To assume one element instead of other because the latter is rare is scientifically wrong, especially for unknown sample composition. Finally, an expert of Vogel's calibre, assisted by Wie, would not do a careless job and do his best in eliminating other possibilities as much as permitted through the resources available to him. He would have carefully calibrated the instrument and may have run the test multiple times. His job was made difficult by the absence of secondary peaks, and he could not do a full curve fit along with the secondary peaks. \n\nEven for an expert like Vogel, possibility remains for instrument error, which are fairly common in EDS. It is fair to argue that a Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, or WDS analysis would have made the case for Thulium stronger, but:\n\n- EDS is better suited for qualitative analysis <ref>[http://www.ammrf.org.au/myscope/analysis/eds/qualitative.php http://www.ammrf.org.au/myscope/analysis/eds/qualitative.php]</ref>, i.e. identifying specimens where the constituent elements are unknown,\n\n- Vogel might not have had an instrument in his possession,\n\n- The sample disappeared as soon as he intended them to be shown to Haines. He had little time to subject them to finer analysis.\n\n\nIn conclusion, Ivan's allegation that Thulium was not found has little factual support, but banks heavily on instrument error. The way Ivan presents his debunking, as if he has found a mistake by Vogel is totally misleading. At best his allegation is a reminder that SEM EDS method error does happen.\n\n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">The very small band immediately adjacent to the predominant band in Vogel spectrum may very well be traces of silver in the region scanned; it would be unlikely that it is argon or, as Vogel says, a combination of silver and argon. Since many elements have bands that overlap with those of other elements, it is absolutely necessary to manually check other possibilities before conclusions are made about composition in an EDS&nbsp;spectrum. It is quite possible that Vogel was deceived by the computer's output; indeed, as noted in the previous section, even today's far more capable computers misinterpret EDS data requiring human intervention for evaluation. \u201d</span>\n\nWhat basically Ivan says here that when the computer matches silver as silver, that could very well be the case, but when the computer matches Argon as Argon, Vogel should have manually double-checked for other possibilities. \n\nFirst, Ivan assumes Vogel and Wie were careless enough to state the presence of Argon and Thulium without trying their best within available resources to eliminate other possibilities. They might have taken multiple readings not stated in the video. Their job was complicated by absence of secondary bands.\n\nNext, the computer performs an algorithmic match of the characteristic emission and intensity with its database, then applies an algorithm to determine the likely element, whereas the graph that is displayed on screen might have lower resolution. <span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">Thus, the eye can be more often betrayed and not the computer. Visual analysis always comes with a human judgement factor that can be biased. As explained before, in EDS analysis, human judgment from visual examination of graph comes in when an element is detected when there are other possibilities of peaks at close spectral range (like this case), then, the secondary bands are also considered which in this case was absent for the elements. When the secondary peaks are not present/probable, human judgment on what elements may be present is of little use. E.g. Thulium is not present and Aluminium is present just because Thulium is rare or improbable is no logic at all. Same for Argon. </span>This speculation by Ivan too, banks on probable instrument error.\n\n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">''3.&nbsp;Material did not require gold coating for SEM imaging.''</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">&nbsp;Gold coating in SEM is used exclusively when the sample is non-conducting.</span>\n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">Vogel considers extraordinary that the sample did not require metal coating for SEM imaging. \u201d</span>\n\nVogel remarked that the sample did not require gold coating, but this alone, in no way make the sample remarkable, neither the investigators infer good conductivity as a pointer to extraterrestrial origin of the metal samples. \n\nThis particular comment is taken from the section wherein he investigates one crystal part of the sample using a technique called Field Emission micrography. Refer [[#Appendix A]] for details.\n\nHe mentions ''\u201cAnd this is now a scanning electron micro-graph of A1 area and this is A2. His is 500 diameters and this is now this area here (pointing to an area within A1) blown up to 2000 diameters. This is Field Emission Microscope so one gets then a very very high degree of depth of field. The specimen was not touched, which means I did no gold-plating, no metalization of the sample, so it was left alone and what exited me was a tremendous ability to get a depth of field in the specimen without ion burning, in other words, the electron beam did not accumulated, this surfaces acted as conductors and gave us a very sharp delineation of the picture. Normally you have to take and cover this with gold in order to get a sharp picture.\u201d ''<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_emission_microscopy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_emission_microscopy]</ref>\n\nVogel was exited because in general crystals (except metallic crystals, or simply metals) are bad conductors of electricity <ref>http://www2.ucdsb.on.ca/tiss/stretton/CHEM2/arch20.htm</ref>. Metals have free electrons that can bounce from one to another hence the 'flow' of electrons <ref>https://www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/liquids-and-solids-11/types-of-crystals-87/metallic-crystals-386-7955/</ref>. But things like table salt (examples of ionic crystals), are so tightly bound together, that the electrons don't leave their spot easily. Similarly, other types, like diamond (example of covalent crystals) are also non-conducting. <span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">Molecular crystals like water, again are also non-conducting.</span> That is why Wendelle in his preliminary report (pp425) comments'' \u201cA photomicrograph picture shot of this reveals unusual clarity indicating unusual conductivity of the electrons illuminating the image\u201d'' and thereafter comments ''\u201cWe have exceedingly pure metal in one part of the specimen and '''non-metallic''' '''highly conductive crystals''' in other\u201d''. His comment is to be interpreted as \u2013 the whole sample in its discreet form, whether metallic or crystal, was highly conductive and especially the excellent conducting property of the non-metallic crystal part was unusual. \n\n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">''4. Portions identified as metal exhibit crystal birefringence. ''</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">The optical microscopy methods used by Vogel are not suitable to conclusively demonstrate that some portions of the sample exhibit optical birefringence.</span>\n\n<div style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201cThroughout the videos, Vogel uses an optical microscope under different illumination conditions and settings to show different portions of the sample. The conditions mentioned are Normarski Phase Interference, Cross-Polarization, and Oblique illumination. He also focuses and defocuses the sample\u201d</div>\n\n<span style=\"color:#000000;\">Refer [[#Appendix A \u2013 Important terms and procedures]] for definition of birefringence. Also note that Vogel was an expert on crystals and would have been very competent in inspecting crystals through microscope. He would have dealt with both isotropic and anisotropic crystals. </span>When the properties of a material are the same in all directions, the material is said to be isotropic. Alternately, when the properties of a material vary with different crystallographic orientations, the material is said to be anisotropic. Birefringence is a result of optical anisotropy. \n\nIvan here challenges Vogel's method of identifying optical birefringence. Vogel examines the sample under optical microscope with the sample exposed to polarized light. From Wikipedia we read (copying directly from Wikipedia) <ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birefringence http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birefringence]</ref>:''\u201cPolarized light microscopy can mean any of a number of optical microscopy techniques involving polarized light. Simple techniques include illumination of the sample with polarized light. Directly transmitted light can, optionally, be blocked with a polariser orientated at 90 degrees to the illumination. More complex microscopy techniques which take advantage of polarized light include differential interference contrast microscopy and interference reflection microscopy.''\n\n''These illumination techniques are most commonly used on <u>birefringent</u> samples where the polarized light interacts strongly with the sample and so generating contrast with the background. Polarized light microscopy is used extensively in optical mineralogy. Polarized light microscopy is capable of providing information on absorption colour and optical path boundaries between minerals of differing refractive indices, in a manner similar to brightfield illumination, but the technique can also distinguish between isotropic and anisotropic substances. Furthermore, the contrast-enhancing technique exploits the optical properties specific to anisotropy and reveals detailed information concerning the structure and composition of materials that are invaluable for identification and diagnostic purposes.\u201d''Now what is differential interference contrast microscopy? It is also known as Nomarski Interference Contrast (NIC) or Nomarski microscopy. Again refer to the Wikipedia article on same topic and I copy from the same wikipedia article describing the light path in such a setup and point number 2:\n\n''\u201c2. The polarised light enters the first Nomarski-modified Wollaston prism and is separated into two rays polarised at 90\u00b0 to each other, the sampling and reference rays.''\n\n''Main article: Wollaston prism''\n\n''Wollaston prisms are a type of prism made of two layers of a crystalline substance, such as quartz, which, due to the variation of refractive index depending on the polarisation of the light, splits the light according to its polarisation. The Nomarski prism causes the two rays to come to a focal point outside the body of the prism, and so allows greater flexibility when setting up the microscope, as the prism can be actively focused. \u201c''\n\nA Wollaston prsm is used in a Nomarski interference contrast (NIC) setup<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wollaston_prism</ref>.\n\nCross polarised light is a term used to describe the state of a polarising microscope when both the lower and upper polariser are inserted. Polarised light is light that vibrates only in one direction. The lower polariser causes the incident light on a section to vibrate usually in the E-W direction. The upper polariser only allows light vibrating in the N-S direction to pass. With no mineral specimen in the path of the light, no light will pass through the upper polariser, also known as the analyser. Optically anisotropic minerals in the path of the incident rays, however, split light into two rays that when recombined at the analyser can interfere and pass through. Thus optically anisotropic materials appear bright or relatively bright in the background of optically isotropic material. In other words, cross polarization is a technique for inspecting optically anisotropic materials (or birefringent material).\n\nA tutorial found [[http://microscopyu.com/tutorials/java/polarized/polarizerrotation/index.html here]] explain the effect of rotation on a birefringent material (need to install Java to view):\n\nIn the tutorial you will learn first hand how the intensity of polarized light, angle of incidence and focus are used simultaneously to observe behaviour of birefringent material under polarised light.\n\n\n[[File:IIG_Metal_Deconstruction_-_tutorial_-_Polarizer_rotation.JPG|300px|thumbnail|center|Effect of Polarizer rotation, intensity and Focus on birefringence sample tutorial]]\n\nIvan shows an example side by side comparison between <span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">Same region of Vogel sample viewed under the microscope (a) ordinary illumination (b) combination of polarized light and Nomarski.\u201d </span>and comments <span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201cWhen a microscope is used in this way, a sample will show all sorts of details and visual effects, as shown in Fig. 8. It is not difficult to make features in a sample stand out if the proper adjustments are made.\u201d</span>\n\n<span style=\"color:#000000;\">Read above. Polarized light and Nomarski technique are used in polarized micro-examination for birefringence materials. Ivan then simply shows a picture comparison of a sample that </span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">was made by rubbing a pellet of aluminium onto the surface of a silicon wafer\u201d.</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\"> </span>Ivan completely looses the context. He compares a material scratched with aluminium with obvious scratch marks to that of a birefringent material which needs inspection under polarised light. What he means basically is that Vogel might not have differentiated between a scratched non-birefringent material vs real birefringent material. The fact is, any crude manipulation would also have been evident under optical microscope if not naked eye. No such scratch marks were obvious through video. \n\n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">In Part 2 at the 3:21 time mark, Vogel interprets the bright region as evidence of metal birefringence. This is shown in Fig 9. To obtain these images, he either rotates one of the illumination polarizers or adjusts the Wollaston prism in an optical microscope equipped with Nomarski analysis setup.</span>\n\nSuch rotation of polarizers and adjustment of Wollaston prism are integral to inspecting a birefringent sample. The effect of rotation of polariser is explained in above tutorial. Wollaston prism separates polarised light into two polarized outputs separated by an angle<ref>[https://www.thorlabs.com/newgrouppage9.cfm?objectgroup_id=917 https://www.thorlabs.com/newgrouppage9.cfm?objectgroup_id=917]</ref>. Wollaston prisms are commonly used in rotation mounts. A demonstration of use of Wollaston prism is available [[https://www.olympus-lifescience.com/en/microscope-resource/primer/java/dic/wollastonwavefronts/]] (requires Java).\n\n\n[[File:IIG_Metal_Deconstruction_-_tutorial_-_Wollaston_Prism.jpg|300px|thumbnail|center|DIY Wollaston prism property]]\n\nThe same link can be referred to verify how such a setup is used to illuminate a birefringent sample for examination.\n\nAt this mark, Vogel examines the silvery specimen at 4th stage, and he rotates the analyzer (not the polarizer as Ivan asserts) while examining the specimen on the stage with fixed magnification. When the transmission axes of the analyzer and polarizer are crossed at an angle (90 degrees), maximum specimen birefringence is observed (maximum extinction of non-birefringent part). This is because no light from the non-birefringent part of the sample is accepted by the analyzer at this stage, however the region possessing birefringence couple some of the polarized light in one direction into other, therefore will not loose its brightness fully, but rather \u201cappear\u201d bright against the dark background.\n\nVogel also discovers birefringence at a higher magnification using SEM. Refer same video 6:35 mark.\n\n\n<div style=\"color:#004586;\">These results are either the result of Fresnel reflection or Normarski phase interference microscopy [5]. Fig. 10 shows the application of Nomarski phase interference microscopy on given metal sample. \u201d</div>\n\nIvan does not elaborate how above-mentioned effect would cause it. However, Fresnel effect is the observation that things get more reflective at grazing angles. An example would be that if you look straight down from above at a pool of water, you will not see very much reflected light on the surface of the pool, and can see down through the surface to the bottom of the pool.&nbsp; At a glancing angle (looking with your eye level with the water, from the edge of the water surface), you will see much more secularity and reflections on the water surface, and might not be able to see what's under the water. \n\nA simple yet beautiful demonstration is available in youtube<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F-2cUWUe0fY</ref>.\n\nNote here that the viewing angle changes and no polarized light is required to test this.\n\nIn a Nomarski DIC set up examining a non-birefringent set up will enhance the contrast at the region interface (edges). Ivan then gives an example in Figure 10 of his deconstruction update and asserts that the effect is similar, when it is not. Figure 10 from Ivan's deconstruction update is reproduced below.\n\n[[File:IIG_Metal_Deconstruction_-_Reference_-_Fig10_Nomarski.jpg|600px|thumbnail|center|Figure 10 from Ivan's metal deconstruction update]]\n\nIn Figure 10 of Ivan's deconstruction, the diagonal strips (edges) appear bright from previous dark while the previously comparatively brighter areas occupying majority of the sample's bottom left and top right portion looses brightness. This behaviour is quite natural with Nomarski DIC and does not indicate birefringence. A Nomarski DIC setup will ensure that the split light beams at the edges will either interfere destructively producing dark spots/lines, or constructively, producing bright spot/lines <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TKTGgAQ2VEs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TKTGgAQ2VEs]</ref>. <span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">The effect shown in the example is localized along the edges as shown above, i.e. not identical to behavior of birefringent sample i.e. birefringent area retains full or part brightness while non-birefringent area looses illumination completely.</span>\n\nAn edge detector algorithm on Ivan's left side image from Figure 9 (Figure 10 in Ivan's update) identifies the edges (see below). Note carefully how the edges of the circular protrusions and the cramps at the edges are illuminates, leaving the inside dark, i.e. the lines are actually 2 parallel lines and the circles are hollow circles. Then compare with the right side image from figure 10 of Ivan's deconstruction and check that these same edges are illuminated highlighting the parallel lines and hollow circles.\n\n[[File:IIG_Metal_Deconstruction_-_Reference_-_Edge_Enhanced_DOG_Analysis.jpg|600px|thumbnail|center|Edges detected in Ivan's sample by Difference of Gaussians algorithm by Photo software GIMP]]\n\nThen compare with Vogel's image which is much more complex and not related to edge illumination. The depositions showing birefringence here is much more thick and not just the edges. \n\n[[File:IIG_Metal_Deconstruction_-_Reference_-_Non_birefringent_area.JPG|300px|thumbnail|center|Highlighting the non-birefringent areas. Note also the illuminated birefringent areas]]\n\nThe same edge detection algorithm was ran on Vogel's sample and is reproduced below (notice the edges)\n\n[[File:IIG_Metal_Deconstruction_-_Reference_-_Edge_Enhanced_DOG_Analysis_2.jpg|600px|thumbnail|center|Edges detected in the sample by Difference of Gaussians algorithm by Photo software GIMP]]\n\nNow compare the above 2 figures, and note how it's not just edges that are illuminated.\n\nIvan also omitted Dr. Vogel's analysis of other even more complex segments. He points out birefringence in all the sample he tested (gradually diffused from lower to higher stage material), and a couple are shown below:\n\n<span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">Looking at the first specimen from 4</span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\"><sup>th</sup></span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\"> stage, in tape 2 right in the beginning, Vogel points out birefringence. This specimen was polished: </span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">\u201cIt is silvery as you can see in colour. It looks like it has been melted. This is the last specimen which was <muffled> in plastic, <muffled> and </span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">polished in Switzerland and now you can see this meal in its pristine state\u201d.</span>\n\n<span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">Then in another instance, looking at the fifth specimen belonging to silvery 4</span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\"><sup>th</sup></span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\"> stage metal, Dr. Vogel comments \u201cWe are now looking at a silvery metal fifth specimen number 5 at the 4</span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\"><sup>th</sup></span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\"> stage of development, that is used according to the document that was given to me in the preparation of the spacecraft. We are looking at the object now which is being <muffled> and </span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">polished, under cross field polarized light using a 250W Cesium Iodide light source\u201d.</span>\n\nVogel then points out pockets of white birefringent sub-area in otherwise non-birefringent dark area (see below). Also note the difference between this area, and the effect duplicated by Ivan by scratching one metal with another. This sample is remarked as being polished.\n\n[[File:IIG_Metal_Deconstruction_-_Reference_-_Diffused_birefringence.jpg|600px|thumbnail|center|Diffusion of birefringent areas in 5th specimen in otherwise non-birefringent specimen (non-illuminated majority). Poor video quality.]]\n\n<span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">Vogel also describes birefringence characteristics of the 5</span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\"><sup>th</sup></span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\"> stage sample number 6 in part 4 of the video staring 6:00 minute mark, but the video is too dark to be analysed/verified.</span>\n\n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">In this case, the effect is entirely due to the particular topography of the surface and, though the effect is similar to that shown in Fig 9, it does not constitute evidence of metal birefringence or any other exotic or unknown property.\u201d</span>\n\nIvan suggests hypothetically that the \u201ceffect\u201d of birefringent material can be duplicated by non-birefringent samples, which is wrong <ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarized_light_microscopy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarized_light_microscopy]</ref> <ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birefringence#Measurement http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birefringence#Measurement]</ref>. To the eye they may appear similar (though not same), a trained expert will never make a mistake. By suggesting that Vogel and Wie could have mistaken between a metal scratched with Aluminium or an improper deposition of a thin film of discrete metal with an uneven topography is not supportable since even at lower magnification if not through naked eye such manipulations are visible, moreover, such report is not made by Walker or EMPA. The other possibility which Ivan might have hinted here is gross incompetency if not outright dishonesty especially from Walker, Vogel and his associate. Ivan goes into this theme much more vigorously in the third attempt.\n\n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">''5. Portions of sample examined at a magnification of 500 diameters show evidence of micro-manipulation.''</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\"> It was found that indentations similar to those found by Vogel can be produced by conventional metal machining. The indentations have a pitch small enough to be captured with a scanning electron microscope at a 500 diameter magnification.</span>\n\n\nIvan compares 2 images: Ivan forgets that the micro-manipulation was detected not throughout the 4-5 mm wide sample, but in a particular area. Vogel says \u201cAnd now we are going into his area, this plain, right in this region and we found evidence of what looked like mechanical manipulation.\u201d\n\n[[File:IIG_Metal_Deconstruction_-_Reference_-_Fig11_from_deconstruction.jpg|600px|thumbnail|center|Figure 11 from Ivan's deconstruction update]]\n\nVogel at this stage is looking at a region perhaps no wider than perhaps 1mm by 1mm (or less) and the photograph is probably representing only a section of this area. Vogel could not find this everywhere within the sample. This area is the plain area as we see in the video, to the upper right region of the middle, with no exposed edges. This small region within a small sample was manipulated in a diagonal pattern criss-crossed by parallel pattern (what Vogel describes as \u201cploughed\u201d).\n\nIvan reproduction is probably a result of improper or rough polishing or metal cutting performed in a machine shop. Ivan in his 2012 deconstruction published in openminds.tv, later claimed that his sample had this feature in one particular area only. Semi-imprecise polishing of a sample, may produce such patterns, consistent with the grit of the abrasive. Metal cutting may produce this pattern, wherein due to imperfection of the cutting tool, different regions will have different abrasions and the sample will develop patterns which may vary. Ivan does not elaborate the size of his sample, what was used for cutting, if other regions had completely smooth areas or showed other patterns, did this pattern appeared on an area approximately of 1mm by 1mm or in similar scale, was polishing employed wholly or selectively, etc. Until he reveals these questions, the means and motives of Mr. Meier to do the same cannot be ascertained. \n\nThe patterns in the sample tested proved that some sort of mechanical manipulation was carried out on a very selected area of the sample. Convention metal machining produce patterns are developed over relatively larger area from which a small chunk can be cut out. But how it can be tightly integrated or fused discretely, in the complex manner as it is shown, to other metallic and non-metallic crystalline material? Why other parts of the sample did not show this pattern? Was a precision method used for machining? Few companies provided laser working tool service for industries and defence companies in the 70's, but such a manipulation by Meier would leave out witnesses in the open. Or some other techniques? If the technique followed by Ivan was used, did Meier had the equipments and the means to perform the same, and how did he applied the polishing or cutting technique in a very small area? \n\n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">''6. Statements made to the effect of how these metal samples are unusual, extraordinary, difficult to fabricate, etc.''</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\"> All of these are Vogel's own opinions and they are not supported by the evidence he presents. It is also not clear why the claims, even if true, would make the metal samples remarkable or worth studying.</span>\n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">In a nutshell, the notable claims of this sample are that it contains a wide range of elements, the hard-to-</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">obtain element Thulium, and metal crystals exhibiting birefringence. All of these claims are in themselves not remarkable or notable. Thulium, though rare, was available in the 80s and there is no reason that a metal in crystal form would not exhibit some degree of birefringence. A sample can be made to contain many elements of the periodic table without using \"cold fusion\", as Vogel suggests. Thus, even in the case that all of the claims about Meier's samples are correct, it still is not clear why these would make them remarkable. However, it would be interesting if the elements shown were all chemically bonded, but Vogel presents no evidence and performs no test that would lead to establish chemical bonding or alloying between them.\u201d</span>\n\nWith all of Ivan's claim refuted or disputed, it is apparent that Ivan's claim have no support.The unusualness of the sample is commented by Vogel is not alloying (which is done by melting), but the presence of these elements in discrete regions and with distinct boundaries between the regions (no evidence of melting in a furnace). Sample can be made to have many elements, but it is the combination and how they were put together that intrigued Vogel and Walker. Vogel sums up neatly at the end of part 4 - \u201cRight now I could not explain the type of material that I have in its discreteness, by any known combination of materials. I could not put it together myself, as a scientist. To get a combination of Thulium, Silver and Silicon, in discrete areas \u2013 yes, if I were to melt it together, I would see the evidence of all of it, but its discreteness is what intrigues me.\u201d\n\nBelow is a table illustrate the unusualness of the samples, but few may be missed. Most of the findings by Vogel are on video except EDS spectra of Rhenium and his tests on determination of the unusual grain pattern (additional clear images or video is absent). Also any x-ray diffraction analysis is omitted from the interview video.\n\n\n{| style=\"border-spacing:0;width:17.022cm;\"\n|-\n! align=center style=\"background-color:#dddddd;border-top:0.1pt solid #000000;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Property\n! align=center style=\"background-color:#dddddd;border-top:0.1pt solid #000000;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Detected By\n! align=center style=\"background-color:#dddddd;border:0.1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | Earth Occurrence\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Presence of chlorine in alloy was unusual as chlorine turns to gas at much lower temperature than other metal's melting point that were detected\n\n(EMPA report and preliminary report pp 420 and 423)\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | EMPA\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | Unknown \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Non-metallic material existing discretely in \u201cfree state\u201d and tightly bound in the metal mass (preliminary report pp 415)\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Walker, further corroborated by Vogel\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | Unknown\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Uniform and Sub angular shaped non-metallic indicated a joining process not involving heat and abrasion in the liquid metal (preliminary report pp 415). No ash or heat residue detected by Vogel\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Walker further corroborated by Vogel\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | Unknown\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Unexpected outflow of gas given out by metal sample when slicing thin when mounting in lucite crystal for microscopic examination (preliminary report pp 415)\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Walker\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | Unknown\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Very rapid oxidation at low humidity, possibility of oxidizing agent in the sample, no remnant of oxidised residue\n\n(preliminary report pp 419)\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Walker\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | Unknown\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Evidence of Micro-manipulation detected in an area of a sample\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Vogel\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | Difficult \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | No secondary bands of characteristic emission for all the element in the mix\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Vogel\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | Unknown\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Extremely high conductivity of the non-metallic crystal part of sample\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Vogel. Walker also found the sample overall very conductive.\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | Unknown.\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Birefringent metal part\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Vogel\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | Unknown.\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Purity of elements evident by sharp spectral peaks, and that included Thulium.**\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Vogel\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | Difficult\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | All elements registered only primary band \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Vogel\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | Unknown\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Presence of Rhenium in sample\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Vogel\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | Difficult\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Strange grain patterns (horizontal, sandwiched between vertical grains)\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | Vogel\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.1pt solid #000000;border-left:0.1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | Unknown\n|-\n|}\n\n\n<nowiki>**</nowiki>Thulium does not occur naturally in pure form, and was prohibitively costly in the 70's. Recent discoveries have reduced the rarity of Thulium to about that of gold or Silver <ref>http://www.molycorp.com/resources/the-rare-earth-elements/thulium/</ref>, but in pure form remain hard to procure and relatively costly. \n\n\nIvan gives his own list of properties he would like to see, instead he should explain the properties listed above. Perhaps Ivan himself knows that these properties are unique and that's why in his third attempt, he goes on attacking mode, describing how the \u201ceffect\u201d can be \u201cduplicated\u201d in crude manner, and thereby accusing the above scientists of being co-conspirators with Meier.\n\nThe author feels due attention should be given to review the Vogel tape by highly qualified and unbiased metallurgists and chemists. A review with the intention of debunking will produce silly arguments.\n\n= Part 3 \u2013 Third Attempt =\n\n\n\nIvan mentions:\n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">1. Samples contain almost all of the elements of the periodic table.</span>\n\n<div style=\"color:#004586;\">2. Samples contain the hard to obtain element Thulium with its secondary bands missing in the EDS spectrum.</div>\n\n<div style=\"color:#004586;\">3. Inclusions in the metal sample exhibit birefringence, which is found in non-metallic or dielectric crystals.</div>\n\n<div style=\"color:#004586;\">4. Sample examined at a magnification of 500 diameters show signs of micro-manipulation or micro machining.</div>\n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">The claims above have direct data associated to them. Notice that many of the claims that Vogel made are secondary and derive from conclusions he reached from the propositions listed above.\u201d </span>\n\nMost of what Ivan alleges are repeats from previous attempts, but there are a few novel of them, requiring additional explanation. In the third attempt, Ivan's deconstruction is even more based on \u201cduplicating\u201d the effect, then the First and Second effort, and thus Ivan strongly suggests Vogel's complicity in manipulating the results since the effect can be \"duplicated\". In Ivan's own word ''\u201cThe intention of this article is to show that Vogel\u2019s main claims can be scientifically verified based on his own data and that his results can be reproduced out of ordinary materials.\u201d'' \n\n\nIvan compares Vogel's detected spectrum from the crystal part:\n\n[[File:IIG_Metal_Deconstruction_-_Reference_-_Crystal_spectrum_reproduction.jpg|600px|thumbnail|center|Ivan's reproduction of Vogel's detected spectrum for the crystal part]]\n\nand comments\n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">Given the similarities of the two spectra above, it can be deduced that the evidence for all the elements present in the sample can be reproduced by a sample consisting of virtually a single element which, in this case, was a pellet of ultra-pure nickel.\u201d</span>\n\nThe characteristic spectrum is called \u201ccharacteristic\u201d, because the spectral peaks of each elements are \u201cunique\u201d. So no two spectral analysis are same unless the samples are composed of same constituent elements and same ratio/weight, as evident even from the visual comparison of the two. What Ivan shows here is the Bremsstrahlung continuum. Similar spectrograph as what Ivan produced can also result out of a pile-up issue with other elements. Refer part 2 on detail critic on Ivan's debunking of this spectrograph that Vogel obtained from the crystalline part of the sample. \n\n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">Fig. 3 shows a screen-shot of Vogel\u2019s EDS spectrum where he identifies Thulium and other elements. Here, it is pointed out that the secondary bands of Thulium are not present, which is further used to speculate that the material was put together by unknown methods (e.g. cold fusion).\u201d</span>\n\n\nAbsence of secondary band was one of the preliminary symptom, and it led to speculation that it was put together in an \u201cunknown process\u201d (cold fusion is not speculated at this stage). Non-electric cold fusion method was suspected because there was no ash and no heat residue. Another driver to this theory was presence of chlorine, whose boiling point was much less than the other constituent metals/elements (also other trace metals like Bromine and Argon). \n\n\nLater, the deduction that it is made from cold fusion or similar process is supported by a remark made by Vogel while examining first sample (video is dark), belonging to the 3<sup>rd</sup> stage material, \u201cNow we can see banded structures in the centre of the field like flow lines as one would encounter in lava like flows. The material looks like it has been extended in a flow process, but it does not show what one would see in a furnace from extensive heating. The remark '''has been made''' that this specimen has been made by a cold flow process\u201d. \n\n\n<span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">Although the video is dark during this comment, another example of what Vogel sees here also can be seen in the 9:14 mark of the video when Vogel comments </span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">''\u201cThere is a complete pattern of material flowing in and precisely stopping. Here one can see a better detailing of this. It's like the material has been kneaded and </span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">rolled over and flowed together.\u201d''</span>\n\n\n[[File:IIG_Metal_Deconstruction_-_Screengrab_-_Lava_like_flow.JPG|300px|thumbnail|center|Lava like flow']]\n\n\nOn the distinct areas, Vogel remarks on the video many times, couple of which are shown below:\n\n[[File:IIG_Metal_Deconstruction_-_Screengrab_-_Part_4_4m44s.jpg|300px|thumbnail|center|From Part 4, 4:44 mark]]\n\n\n[[File:IIG_Metal_Deconstruction_-_Screengrab_-_Part_2_1m04s.jpg|300px|thumbnail|center|From Part 2 1:04 mark]]\n\n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">The spectrum shown in Fig. 4 below was produced with a sample made by manually placing a small flake of Silver on top of Aluminium.\u201d\u201cThe striking similarity between the two spectra in Figs. 3 and 4 is evident and, thus, what Vogel observed was not the hard-to-obtain Thulium, but rather the very-common element Aluminium with some traces of </span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">Silver [4].\u201d</span>\n\n\n[[File:IIG_Metal_Deconstruction_-_Reference_-_Duplicated_effort_2.jpg|600px|thumbnail|center|Ivan compares his duplicated effort with Vogel's spectrum with the plain part (Figure 4 in Ivan's deconstruction)]]\n\n\nAgain, the manipulation done by Ivan is not-to-miss crude kind.<span style=\"background-color:transparent;\"> If Vogel knowingly ignored such crude manipulations, and Ivan's theory is to be hold true</span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">e, then Vogel and Wie were complicit in falsification and nothing less. But even such a scenario have problems \u2013 t</span>he peaks appear visually similar, but they are not same \u2013 as written above, they are \u201cunique\u201d spectral characteristics. In Dr. Vogel's analysis, it is the computer that marks Thulium, not Vogel. In Part 2 it is explained how Ivan's allegation only highlights a probability (that the instrument may err) and not matter of fact. Secondly, how on earth Vogel suppressed the secondary bands of all the elements? \n\n\nNote here one particular interesting aspect of the spectrograph produced by the plain area of the sample that constituted Thulium as its primary element. In Vogel's analysis, only 1 peak each from Thulium, Bromine, Argon and Silver are present. \n\n\nNow look at Ivan's spectrograph. The peaks are sharp and clear like Vogel's with low background, probably because Ivan did use a pure sample, like Vogel had in his hand. The Aluminium peaks at 1486.3 eV and 1486.7eV are overlapped, so they show as one, but 4 out of 5 major and minor Silvers peak ranging from 2633.7eV-3347.4eV were detected by Ivan's EDS analysis. Now note that Argon also has as many 3 peaks at this range, not to mention a host of other elements. The peak mix at this range is reproduced below. Ivan's EDS analysis auto-peak-detection did not confuse between Silver and Argon peaks even though they are in close spectral proximity. Neither it got confused between Silver and Tellurium (Te), or between Silver and Molybdenum (Mo) or between Silver and Ruthenium (Ru) Silver and Thorium (Th). Goes to show that EDS is not as unreliable tool to do spectral analysis as Ivan makes it. \n\nThere are instance EDS analysis cannot identify elements or gives false positives, but those are results of not only closeness of peaks, but such peak shifts and/or false positives occur due to specific reasons. Just because there is probability of another elemental peak in the spectral vicinity, it cannot be stated that peak A was actually peak B, that too when secondary emissions were absent, and neither because the detected element was rare. Absence of secondary peaks deprive the analyst to do a manual curve fit in order to cross check the element detected. WDS method is recorded for finer analysis for elemental composition, because in science even 3-5% inaccuracy is a lot. But at the same time, such arguments that Aluminium was detected instead of Thulium just because they \u201clook similar\u201d and the peaks are close enough is just the straw man argument we don't need. Even if they look similar, the characteristic lines are \u201cunique\u201d and the computer marked Thulium and not Aluminium because the characteristics spectrum energy and intensity matched Thulium and not Aluminium <ref>http://www.seallabs.com/how-sem-eds-works.html</ref>. Unless instrument error is proven, which is nearly impossible for an unknown sample, by looking at the spectrograph, such comments are nothing but pure opinion.\n\n[[File:IIG_Metal_Deconstruction_-_Reference_-_All_spectrum_Ag_Ar.jpg|600px|thumbnail|center|All spectrum from 2.6KeV to 3.3KeV range. Silver marked in yellow and Argon in green]]\n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">The Aluminium and Silver of the sample in Fig. 4 are obviously not bonded or alloyed and yet the sample still produces an EDS spectrum identical to Vogel\u2019s.\u201d</span>\n\n\nThe novelty of the sample tested by Vogel was that it was not alloyed, not crudely placed on top, not melted, but that the non-metallic material part were existing discretely in \u201cfree state\u201d and tightly bound in the metal mass. No evidence of melting were found. The experts speculated a cold fusion process. <span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">Reproduction by Ivan has no value.</span>\n\n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">It is common for a computer analyzing EDS spectra to mistake between elements whose energy bands lie close to each other. This explains why the computer also identified Bromine and Argon in Vogel\u2019s spectrum as they too possess energy bands close to Aluminium and Silver.\u201d</span>\n\n\nIt is common, but it does not mean such mistake occurred. Ivan has no way to verify if a false positive occurred, especially when secondary bands were absent. Here is what Ivan did \u2013 he unreasonably justified Bromine and Argon false positive on the basis of a probable Thulium false positive. Then, he tried to duplicate the visual chart that Vogel's instrument rendered by placing a small flake of Silver on top of Aluminium plate. As an engineer, Ivan should know the uselessness of a \u201cvisually similar\u201d spectrograph.\n\n\nFirst, false positive of Thulium is a probability, not a fact. Second, false positive of one element cannot be used to justify false positive of others. Then, he again commits a crude manipulation easily spotted by even non-experts, let alone scientists. Finally, the computer marked the elements, and no secondary bands were present for the elements. \n\n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">Vogel claims to have detected dielectric birefringence in inclusions around the edges of the sample by means of optical microscopy with cross-polarized illumination.\u201d</span>\n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">However, such observation can also be produced by samples that have rugged topography.\u201d</span>\n\n\nBirefringence was not just detected around the edge, but in gross areas. An expert like Vogel should have known to spot the difference. Refer Part 2 of this article for refutation and compare with Ivan's \u201cduplication\u201d. \n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201cSince the sample analysed by Vogel has a very clear rough surface, the bright regions he observes under cross-polarized light are best explained by the surface topography and not by the presence of non-metallic crystal inclusions in the sample.\u201d</span>\n\n\n\nWhile examining the first specimen Vogel comments \u201cIt is silvery as you can see in colour. It looks like it has been melted. This is the last specimen which was mounted in plastic, lapped and '''polished''' in Switzerland and now you can see this meal in its pristine state\u201d.\n\n<span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">Again, w</span>hile examining the 5<sup>th</sup> sample belonging to stage 4, Vogel comments <span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">\u201cWe are now looking at a silvery metal fifth specimen number 5 at the 4</span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\"><sup>th</sup></span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\"> stage of development, that is used according to the document that was given to me in the preparation of the spacecraft. We are looking at the object now, which is being lapped and </span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">'''polished'''</span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">,</span><span style=\"background-color:transparent;\"> under cross field polarized light using a 250W Cesium Iodide light source\u201d.</span>\n\n\nThe polishing status of the other specimen is not known, but it would be safe to presume that someone of Vogel's credential would eliminate such problems before testing the sample and/or otherwise would know to differentiate between reflection from rough/scratched surface localized at the edges and real birefringence. T<span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">he samples Vogel tested had uneven shape, and undulations were present. It is best practice to polish a sample before birefringence test. But even an unevenly shaped, undulated samples can be inspected for birefringence. What matters are that the false positives from sharp edges or extensions of the sample should not interfere, and even they do, they can be isolated. To eliminate such possibility of sharp edge/rough surface/scratching type birefringence in a not so well polished sample, the sample is first visually inspected, then microscopically inspected at different magnification to record its micro and macro level behaviour (Vogel did tests birefringence at various magnifications). Refer [[#Part 2 \u2013 Second Attempt]] for explanation how edge produced effects are similar to a non-expert, but also very different from what a real birefringent sample would produce.</span>\n\n\nMoreover, the birefringence observed by Vogel was not localised to edges as seen from video. The difference between the effect due to reflection from rough surface and birefringence is explained in detail in [[#Part 2 \u2013 Second Attempt]].\n\n\n<span style=\"color:#004586;\">\u201c</span><span style=\"color:#004586;\">For example, Vogel claimed that Rhenium was found in the sample with missing EDS bands also; the spectrum was not shown in either references [1] or [2] and it could have been Zinc, as this element has some EDS bands close to that of Rhenium.\u201d</span>\n\n\nNote how in the case of Thulium, Bromine, Argon and Silver only a single peak is present in Vogel's analysis<span style=\"background-color:transparent;\">.</span> For Rhenium, the primary peaks are for its L\u03b11 emission line at 8.586 KeV, followed by M\u03b11 emission line at 1.842 KeV. There are actually several possibilities for Rhenium:\n\n\u2013 Both the L\u03b11 and M\u03b11 peaks were detected and one or more of the secondary/minor peaks also detected. In this case, it would have been hard to refute Rhenium, but most probably this did not happen, following the pattern for other elements in the metallic region.\n\n- Only L\u03b11 peak detected. \n\n- Only M\u03b11 peak detected.\n\n\nWe never knew if Rhenium was a \"major\" element or \u201cminor\u201d element in the metal area. Had It been a major element, only Zinc with similar relative intensity at 8.639 KeV could have compared with Rhenium in nearby spectral range. For M\u03b11, this role could have been taken by highly reactive Strontium.\n\n\nAs postulated before, it is also possible that Vogel did not document 100% of his findings in Video. Also, Ivan mentions \"if\" Rhenium was though to be found, it could have been mistaken in place of \"Zinc\". Again, we see Ivan relying on nothing but instrument error to debunk presence of Rhenium, when in reality it is not possible to determine instrument error from the video. \n\n\nIvan time and again produced visually similar (not same) spectrum with crude manipulations and tried to associate the results of Vogel's analysis as instrument error or gross negligence or outright complicity. He used his go-to arguments to confuse the readers and debunk Thulium, Argon and Rhenium. He similarly used crude method to nearly simulate birefringence, as well as micro-manipulation. Then again, he completely ignored several other unusual properties exhibited by the sample. On the light of this, IIG and Ivan's debunking should not be taken seriously and further analysis should only be entertained from an unbiased metallurgist.\n\n= Appendix A \u2013 Important terms and procedures =\n\n'''Birefringence''': Birefringence is formally defined as the double refraction of light in a transparent, molecularly ordered material, which is manifested by the existence of orientation-dependent differences in refractive index. Many transparent solids are optically isotropic, meaning that the index of refraction is equal in all directions throughout the crystalline lattice. Typical examples of isotropic solid are glass, table salt. \n\nAn example of anisotropic material are Calcite and quartz. The layman\u2019s explanation of birefringent behaviour of Calcite is that when object is shown through Calcite, tend to show double or blurred images. \n\n\n'''Polarized light '''or polarization of light: Natural sunlight and almost every other form of artificial illumination transmits light waves whose electric field vectors vibrate in all perpendicular planes with respect to the direction of propagation. When the electric field vectors are restricted to a single plane by filtration, then the light is said to be ''polarized'' with respect to the direction of propagation and all waves vibrate in the same plane. \n\n\n'''X-ray diffraction (XDR)''': This method is used in X-ray crystallography. This tool used for identifying the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline atoms cause a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions. By measuring the angles and intensities of these diffracted beams, a crystallographer can produce a three-dimensional picture of the density of electrons within the crystal. From this electron density, the mean positions of the atoms in the crystal can be determined, as well as their chemical bonds, their disorder and various other information. \n\n\n\n\n'''Scanning electron microscope (SEM)''': A scanning electron microscope is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning it with a focused beam of electrons. For conventional imaging in the SEM, specimens must be electrically conductive, at least at the surface, and electrically grounded to prevent the accumulation of electrostatic charge at the surface. Metal objects require little special preparation for SEM except for cleaning and mounting on a specimen stub. Non conductive specimens tend to charge when scanned by the electron beam, and especially in secondary electron imaging mode, this causes scanning faults and other image artefacts. SEM can also act as an electron source for producing characteristics X-Rays for Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis. A nice video can be found on youtube that demonstrates how SEM EDS analysts identify the elements<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GY9lfO-tVfE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GY9lfO-tVfE]</ref>. \n\n\n\n\n'''Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX)''': Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, EDX, or XEDS), sometimes also called energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) or energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXMA), is an analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. \n\n\n'''Auto-peak-detection:''' In EDS analysis the computer labels the peak automatically. Each element has its \u201cunique\u201d characteristics emission radiation when its K, L, M shell electrons gets displaced by an incident beam of electron and thereafter an electron from one shell \u201cjumps\u201d to fill the void thereby giving by x-ray radiation which are unique for the element. The energy of the emission is detected by a detector. The computer database stores the unique emission. If a match is found in database with the energy of the characteristics emission that detected by a detector, the Computer labels it on the screen itself. This is called auto-peak-detection. But in certain cases, the peak might be two weak against the background or the peak might be overlapped against a bigger peak of same or different element, then this auto-peak-detection is \u201comitted\u201d. At other times, cases of false identification can also take place, due to various reasons. This is explained in [[#Part 1 \u2013 Second Attempt]]. \n\n\n'''Bremsstrahlung''': <span style=\"color:#000000;\">It is an important phenomenon in the generation of X-rays. In the Bremsstrahlung process, a high speed electron traveling in a material is slowed or completely stopped by the forces of any atom it encounters. As a high speed electron approaches an atom, it will interact with the negative force from the electrons of the atom, and it may be slowed or completely stopped. If the electron is slowed down, it will exit the material with less energy. The law of conservation of energy tells us that this energy cannot be lost and must be absorbed by the atom or converted to another form of energy. The energy used to slow the electron is excessive to the atom and the energy will be radiated as x-radiation of equal energy. </span>\n\n\n'''Analytical Problems with SEM-EDS''':\n\nEscape peaks \u2013 there is a statistical probability that some of the X-rays, generated in the sample and impacting the solid state detector (e.g., a SiLi device), will 'inadvertently' knock out Si K-shell electrons in the detector, reducing that X-ray's energy measured in the detector by the Si absorption edge energy (1.84 KeV). Say you're looking at something will lots of Fe (Ka of 6.40 KeV); the Si-escape peak of Fe Ka will appear at 4.56 KeV. You see this escape peak only for the major elements present.\n\nSum peaks \u2013 this phenomenon occurs where the count rates are moderate to high, when two X-rays impact the detector virtually instantaneously; the pulse created and measured is the sum of the two X-ray energies. Say you have a sample with lots of Si (Ka of 1.74 KeV) and Al (Ka of 1.487); a peak at 3.23 KeV is the sum peak, not to be assumed to be a K peak (Ka of 3.31 KeV)<ref>http://www.geology.wisc.edu/~johnf/660.html</ref>.\n\nPeak overlaps \u2013 the spectral resolution of EDS is not a great as WDS. Resolution is usually defined as the FWHM (full width at half maximum) of pure Mn Ka: ~ 150 eV. Therefore, the separation of some peaks can be poor. Examples include the case where small amounts of Fe are being investigated in the presence of large amounts of Mn (Mn Kb is very close to Fe Ka), and the case where Cu, Zn and Na are present together: the L lines of Cu and Zn are close to the K lines of Na.\n\nExcessive deadtime \u2013 because of the closeness of the EDS detector to the sample, and the possibility that the user may be using high beam currents, there may be 'pulse pileup' where the electronics cannot keep up with the X-rays impacting the detector. The electronics/software therefore has to try to adjust for the x-rays not counted, by calculating a 'deadtime correction'; the larger the correction, the greater the margin of error. Generally the deadtime should be kept below 20-30% by the operator (usually indicated on the monitor), either by lowering the beam current, inserting apertures in front of the detector nose-piece, or retracting the detector (if adjustable). Excessive deadtime can also cause a shift of the peak position.\n\n\n'''Pot metal''': Pot metal is a colloquial term that refers to alloys of low-melting point metals that manufacturers use to make fast, inexpensive castings. Pot metal frequently constitute zinc, lead, copper, tin, magnesium, aluminium, iron, and cadmium.\n\n\n'''Sputter coating or metal coating''': Sputter coating in scanning electron microscopy is a sputter deposition process to cover a specimen with a thin layer of conducting material, typically a metal, such as a gold. A conductive coating is needed to prevent charging of a specimen with an electron beam in conventional SEM mode (high vacuum, high voltage). \n\n\n'''Field emission microscopy (FEM):''' It is an analytical technique used in materials science to investigate molecular surface structures and their electronic properties. Invented by Erwin Wilhelm M\u00fcller in 1936, the FEM was one of the first surface analysis instruments that approached \u201cnear-atomic\u201d resolution.\n\n\n= Appendix B \u2013 Characteristic X-Ray of elements in discussion =\n\nAppendix B lists the characteristic x-ray relative intensity for important elements detected plus Aluminium (which Ivan allege that Vogel mistook for Thulium) and Zinc and Carbon (both which Ivan shows as an example in his debunking) \n\n\nRelative intensities are provided. An intensity of 100 is assigned to the strongest line in each shell for each element. \n\n\nFactors related to the sample, the system used to generate the X-rays and the detector used to measure the X-ray spectrum can all influence the height of the X-ray peaks. While the intensities of the peaks in an X-ray energy spectrum are not directly proportional to element concentration, it is true that the concentration of the element in the sample will influence the height of the X-ray peak. Elements present in major amounts (> 10 wt%) will have major peaks in the spectrum while elements present in minor (1-10 wt%) or trace amounts (<1 wt%) will have small or undetectable peaks in the spectrum<ref>http://www.ammrf.org.au/myscope/analysis/eds/xrayintensity/</ref>. \n\n\n\n\n\n{| style=\"border-spacing:0;width:17.013cm;\"\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:0.05pt solid #000000;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | '''Band (in eV)'''\n| style=\"border-top:0.05pt solid #000000;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | '''Line'''\n| style=\"border-top:0.05pt solid #000000;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | '''Relative Intensity'''\n| style=\"border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | '''Comment'''\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | '''Thulium (Tm)'''\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 1462\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | M\u03b11\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 100\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (strong)\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 6341.9\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L1\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 4\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 7133.1\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L\u03b12\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 11\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 7179.9\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L\u03b11\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 100\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (strong)\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 8101\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L\u03b21\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 64\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (intense)\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 8468\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L\u03b22\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 20\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 9426\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L\u03b31\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 12\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | <higher spectrum omitted>\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | '''Aluminium (Al)'''\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 1486.3\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | K\u03b11\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 50 \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (secondary band overlapped by stronger K\u03b12)\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 1486.7\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | K\u03b12\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 100\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (primary identifier)\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | '''Bromine (Br)'''\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 1293.5\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L1\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 5\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 1480.4\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L\u03b11,2\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 111\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (strong)\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 1525.9\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L\u03b21\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 59\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (intense)\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 11877.6\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | K\u03b12\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 52\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 11924.2\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | K\u03b11\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 100 \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (strong)\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 13284.5\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | K\u03b23\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 7\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 13291.4\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | K\u03b21\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 14\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 13469.5\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | K\u03b22\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 1\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | '''Argon (Ar)'''\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 2955.6\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | K\u03b12\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 50 \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (intense, but overlapped by K\u03b11)\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 2957.7\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | K\u03b11\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 100\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (primary identifier)\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 3190.5\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | K\u03b21,3\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 10\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | '''Silver (Ag)'''\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 2633.7\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L1\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 4\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 2978.2\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L\u03b12\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 11\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 2984.3\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L\u03b11\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 100\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (srtong)\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 3150.9\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L\u03b21\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 56\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (intense)\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 3347.8\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L\u03b22,15\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 13\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 3519.6\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L\u03b31\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 6\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 21990.3\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | K\u03b12\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 56\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (intense)\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 22162.9\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | K\u03b11\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 100 \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (strong)\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 24911.5\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | K\u03b23\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 9\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 24942.4\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | K\u03b21\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 16\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 25456.4\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | K\u03b22\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 4\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | '''Sulpher (S)'''\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 2306.6\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | K\u03b12\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 50\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (intense)\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 2307.8\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | K\u03b11\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 100 \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (strong, primary identifier)\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 2464\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | K\u03b21\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 5\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | '''Rhenium (Re)'''\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 1842.5\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | M\u03b11\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 100\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (strong)\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 7603.6\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L1\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 5\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 8586.2\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L\u03b12\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 11\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 8652.5\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L\u03b11\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 100\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (strong)\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 10001\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L\u03b21\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 66\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (intense)\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 10275.2\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L\u03b22\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 22\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 11685.4\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L\u03b31\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 13\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | <higher spectrum omitted>\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | '''Zinc (Zn)'''\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 884\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L1\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 7\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 1011.7\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L\u03b11,2\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 111\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (strong, primary identifier)\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 1034.7\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | L\u03b21\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 65\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (intense)\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 8615.8\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | K\u03b12\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 51\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (intense)\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 8638.9\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | K\u03b11\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 100\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (strong)\n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 9572\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | K\u03b21,3\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 17\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | '''Carbon (C)'''\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | \n|-\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 277\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | K\u03b11\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;\" | 147\n| style=\"border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;\" | (primary identifier)\n|-\n|}\n\n \n\n\n= Appendix C \u2013 Vogel Video parts summary =\n\n\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\">'''Part 1''': optical inspection; remarks on a cold flow process; inspection with polarized light, remarks on birefringence</div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\">Link: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0cFr3zzFeYk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0cFr3zzFeYk]</div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;\">'''Part 2'''</span><span style=\"color:#000000;\">: optical inspection continues; distinct areas within specimen detected; manipulation suspected; not made by nature; silver 4th stage sample at 1600x shows structures within structures, interlaced areas; at 2500x; birefringence tested, unusual for metals to have birefringence; Normarsky interference microscopy used; sample has both lustre of metal and crystalline pattern.</span></div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;\">Link: </span>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_NNFL_6evQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_NNFL_6evQ]</div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;\">'''Part 3'''</span><span style=\"color:#000000;\">: SEM analysis assisted by Wie; dark 3</span><span style=\"color:#000000;\"><sup>rd</sup></span><span style=\"color:#000000;\"> stage sample number 4, sample not touched; no gold plating done, but Electron beam did not accumulate; normally samples are covered with gold for sharp picture; examined at 63X with polarised light, crystalline section composition described; plain section mechanical manipulation detected; composition of plain section described; Thulium found, sample 6 stage 5 analysis starts.</span></div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;\">Link: </span>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxJc80DEWhE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxJc80DEWhE]</div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\">'''Part 4''': Sample is completely metal; discrete cluster of materials, material not fused together; comments that one has to analysed each areas for proper analysis; describes birefringence; describes how he lost it; comments that he cannot put it together \u2013 Thulium, Silicon, Silver, melting would not retain discreteness; discreteness intrigued him.</div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\">Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vbLMCg0Vo4E</div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\">'''Part 5''': Remarks on Cold fusion process; he showed it to one of his friend who told he cannot put it together; remarks he is doing it independent of IBM; comments sample not terrestrial; certifies integrity of Jim Dilletosso and Wendelle; interviewer remarks Meier to be honest and lives a simple life.</div>\n\n<div style=\"margin-left:0cm;margin-right:1cm;\">Link: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNZZNRTvm9g https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNZZNRTvm9g]</div>\n\n\n= References =\n\n<references />\n\n\n{| style=\"border-spacing:0;width:80%;\"\n|- style=\"background-color:#eeeeee;border:0.1pt solid #eeeeee;padding:0.097cm;\"\n| align=center| '''''* The author could not locate original article from IIG West website and hence referred to billymeierufocase.com. The author copied images and text from billymeierufocase.com for critique purpose. No copyright infringement meant. Due references have been provided.'''''\n|-\n|}\n\n- <i>Subhabrata Mukhuti</i>"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "2530": {
                "pageid": 2530,
                "ns": 0,
                "title": "Reincarnation",
                "revisions": [
                    {
                        "contentformat": "text/x-wiki",
                        "contentmodel": "wikitext",
                        "*": "[[Category:Meier Encyclopedia]]\n{{Nonfigupublication}}\n<br>\n<small>'''''This page may require cleanup to meet Future of Mankind\u2019s quality standards. The specific problem is: It\u2019s messy, incomplete and requires citations! Please help improve this page if you can; the talk page may contain suggestions.'''''</small>\n<br><br><br>\n\n[[File:Reincarnation.jpg|thumb|right]]\n<small>''Subject Reincarnation''</small><br>\n<small>Alternative names: '''Incarnation''', '''life cycle''', '''circle of life''', '''Great circle of life i.e. the overall'''.<br>\nWrong approach names: '''rebirth''', '''reborn''', '''born again''', '''transmigration''', '''metempsychosis'''.<br>\nAssociated terms: '''[[Storage Banks]]''', '''[[Akashic Records]]''', '''death''', '''wesen''', biological processes, naturally occurring phenomenon, creational-natural laws and recommendations, fine-fluidal, swinging-waves, overall-consciousness block, comprehensive-consciousness block, spirit-form, and many other terms, approaches to and perspectives of the same knowledge how ever its labelled.<br>This is considered a long page.\n</small>\n<br><br>\n==Introduction==\nIncarnation is a philosophical framework of life, a religious concept and a future scientific field, which deals with a wide range of aspects of a living being (German: wesen). '''When, how, where and why''' it starts a new life in a new physical body; after each biological death. Its all a sequence of processes that lead one onto trigger another, just like life and known biological processes. The processes that occurs in between is in what [[FIGU]] variably call's the beyond, beyond area, other worldly area and less commonly as a dimension on the inner or outer side<ref>[[Contact Report 228]]</ref> of the visible, material-universe belt. Billy Meier's incarnation laws, principles and explanations are more aligned with science, presumably to encourage science.\n\n\nLike all other Billy Meier subjects, it introduces a range of new words, terminologies, phrases and undiscovered facts to discover. For which a diversity of evolving explanations are to be found throughout all the various [[Books]], [http://dict.figu.org/ FIGU dictionary] and [http://forum.figu.org/ forum]. This wiki page has, needing to say, therefore to some extent been mottled together from all sources and references to read in the same way as the other pages on this wiki.\n\n\n'''Schematic view'''<br>\n{{SERVER}}/w/images/3/34/Pdf_icon.gif [https://creationaltruth.org/Portals/0/Documents/Reference%20Material/Spiritual/Reincarnation-Incarnation-Process-sec.pdf CreationalTruth: Incarnation Process (PDF) (External)] {{SERVER}}/w/images/5/58/Info_icon.png\n\n\n'''Views'''<br>\nReincarnation is yet another pseudoscience in a very long and increasingly long pseudoscientific realms that FIGU and Billy Meier have dealt with, some say rather well.\n\nThe subject is particularly complicated, but has been explained beautifully, for two main reasons.\n* Because it requires picking up a series of loose-ends scattered across a broad spectrum of possibilities, many of which if they have been discovered, aren't socially normally known, wrongly approached socially (confusing), not cultivated (details unclear) or partially discovered (unknown-unknowns).\n* And because it essentially deals with the entirety of reality; when all related subjects are brought into their appropriate positioning, and reality is complicated. \n\n\nWe can however use logic-gates and much like any subject, it doesn't remain so (complicated). Everything in the progress of evolution is brought down into a neat, tidy little summary in time (see [[Consciousness Evolution]]). At present our culturally composed agreements surmise that incarnation doesn't exist, is purely theoretical and is given to religion for their entertainment industries. Presently and officially nothing exists according to current and leading Earth scientific and academic thinking. The paradigm will not continue indefinitely. A tough, arduous battle is in the wings of the scientific area and some form of revision of this position is inevitable, requiring any one of the individually possible evolution-discoveries to trigger a revolution in thinking.\n* The scientific discovery of survival of death and reincarnation would cause a much greater shift and change in consciousness (global revolution) than a public landing of ET's would.\n\nOne of the key principles of Billy Meier's reincarnation information is that we all take a great deal of time in the beyond area developing a rough outline of our future life.<ref>but only when there's no overpopulation</ref> So we could say the discovery is instead dependant on another factor, that it depends on the possibility to reveal the information openly, rather than knowing it, because we could have built revealing the science of it into our current lives, were there a fertile possibility for it; that we're waiting for either an economy or an acceptance. In this way a fear of criticism can be spoken of or an extreme persecution, either way the motions of evolution are limited to what is sustainable, i.e solid scientific foundations make explanations undeniable and further knowledge possible.\n\nA known generally for example is that were it not for the religions persecuting scientists and burning their books every so often throughout history we would already probably have large spaceships by now. So reincarnation science, much like genetic engineering science is dependant upon protection of scientists and guaranteeing employment opportunities.\n\nA known openly-concealed internal FIGU community prophecy for quite a lot further in the future is in [[Contact Report 251]].\n<blockquote>\nThis is the moment when Japan and China will discover that the prevailing physics is not the last word in knowledge, but that there exists yet a higher level of physics which extends into fine-matter spheres. Upon this realization, science will be discredited for some time.\n</blockquote>\n\nThe discrediting of science upon the discovery indicates that we're (Earth, majority) in no position to tolerate fine-material sciences at this time, we're too primitive for it as yet, but it will happen anyway in the future. The existence of religions on Earth explains that unpreparedness, unwillingness already. We will indeed however discover it, and its for this reason that we can then speak of a disparity between spirit-form evolutionary age and therefore of a minority of heavily evolved ET spirit-forms on Earth. Which is a strong theme in the reincarnation information for those reasons, because they'll be the ones that the information is designed for, and why then there is so little effort with FIGU to try and convince anyone.\n\n<br><br>\n===How to approach===\n\nAs Billy Meier endeavours to deal with the reality of it; if it doesn't make sense then check. Check the original source text and check with reality; because anyone in the world should, within the framework Billy is using, be able to verify it (cross-compare with reality) wherever they are. Its controversial for scientists and politicians for a vast range of reasons (see below) but is not unreal or fiction (some argue 'because of' being controversial).\n\n\n\nIt may however be exceedingly more difficult for those individuals who bring along the baggage of preconceived notions and unfounded assumptions. Simply because science hasn't discovered these areas yet and officially its considered new information, having never been taught on Earth before. It's brave for a scientist to venture into a subject before discovering the associated particle physics. \n\n\nUntenured academics are recommended to study privately and not get too talkative prematurely (see [[FIGU#Talkativeness and Performing Missionary Work]])\n\n\nRegarding conspiracy theorist readers, this quote is from [[Contact Report 002]]. \n<blockquote>\n70. At present, those individuals who are the least agreeable to recognize and disseminate the truth will be those who had allowed themselves to be deceived by frauds and charlatans for decades, and who had sacrificed millions for the dissemination of the deceitful stories and books.\n</blockquote>\n<br><br>\n===Background===\nIt's a central tenet of all major Indian religions, namely Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and Sikhism. Where it then differs considerably from the explanations of Billy Meier.\n\n* For example: it may then deal with incarnating into a different form other than human. Which is an impossibility within the remit of Billy Meier's [[Spirit Teaching]]. It has to be into a human if the individual (see Wesen below) is human. \n\n: Specifically Humans are a [[Consciousness Evolution]] based science, where animals and insects are based variously differently, in an [[Intelligence Evolution]] or [[Instinct Evolution]] based science, the calibration can't be mixed about, but this is obvious to see anyway because the world would look quite different if it could. \n<br><br>\n===Quotes===\n\nOm [Omfalon Murado] 31:313\n<blockquote>\n\"whoever doesn't understand will seek out those that do, and search for the essence of wisdom.<ref>OM [Omfalon Murado] 31:306-31:312 translated by Corey M\u00fcske using FIGU-Dictionary (when possible)/copyright FIGU-BEAM (Age of Aquarius publishing).</ref></blockquote>\n\nOm [Omfalon Murado] 31:314\n<blockquote>\nununderstanding ones and fools search and try to make use of the bread of the essence of wisdom, and will drink the wine one pours out.<ref>OM [Omfalon Murado] 31:306-31:312 translated by Corey M\u00fcske using FIGU-Dictionary (when possible)/copyright FIGU-BEAM (Age of Aquarius publishing).</ref></blockquote>\n\nOM [Omfalon Murado] 33:103 \n<blockquote>\nAnd so he will be as prophet of the new time, when the time of the time comes around, and when his name means that he is the guardian of the treasure (note: Eduard) at the time when the equitable ones have expunged their seven-thousand-fold guilt (note: see 'end of the Codex') and will have taken the step for the fulfilment of the oath of the determination.</blockquote>\n\n<br><br>\n<small>The Table Of Contents for this page is a series of logarithmic spirals.</small>\n__TOC__\n<br>\n\n==Questions Answered By [[Billy]]==\n===Remembering past lives===\nFrom the FIGU Forum (Questions Answered by Billy):\n\n<blockquote>This refers to the science and knowledge of reincarnation: was there any specific spiritual Science which dealt and showed humans or for that matter [[Plejaren]] the ways of remembering reincarnated past lives to develop in each new life when becoming physical again, is it a possibility?<br />\n<br />\nThe reason for the question is because in my outside readings there has been claim of such Science but through Vatican/Christian laws or otherwise, they have either destroyed the books for the sake of taking this power away from humans.<br />\n<br />\n'''Answer:''' Such science was never present or taught on Earth. Such claims most probably are simply based on new-age nonsense.<br />\n<br />\nOf course, the functioning of reincarnation is a part of the spiritual teachings (and is explained within it).<br />\n<br />\nHowever, on other planets there certainly may be teachings/science regarding remembrance of reincarnations.<ref>http://forum.figu.org/cgi-bin/us/discus.cgi?pg=next&topic=12&page=2685</ref></blockquote>\n===Pure spirit forms===\nFrom the FIGU Forum (Questions Answered by Billy):\n\n<blockquote>As I understand it, once a person dies on a planet, he will then reincarnate on this same planet.<br />\n<br />\nFor beings that have evolved beyond the need for physical bodies are they also obligated to stay in the region of their homeworlds, or do they have the choice to move throughout the universe?<br />\n<br />\n'''Answer:''' Hi Scott,<br />\n<br />\nThe beings you mentioned are pure spirit forms (Reingeistformen). Their realm is extended throughout the Universe. (Arahat Athersata is the lowest of those realms.) They are not bound to a system or planet anymore.<ref>http://forum.figu.org/cgi-bin/us/discus.cgi?pg=next&topic=12&page=2685</ref></blockquote>\n<br><br>\n===Reincarnating onto star ships===\nFrom the FIGU Forum (Questions Answered by Billy):\n\n<blockquote>If a slow moving (primitive) space ship takes several generations to reach it's destination planet, and during this journey babies are born in this ship (therefor increasing it's population), where would the spirit forms come from?<br />\n<br />\n'''Answer:''' Hi Jean Pierre,<br />\n<br />\nThe spirit forms would come from the nearest planet that is inhabited by human beings (where the people are at least as highly developed/evolved as the people in the space ship).<ref>http://forum.figu.org/cgi-bin/us/discus.cgi?pg=next&topic=12&page=2685</ref></blockquote>\n\n\n\n\n<br><br>\n==Science==\nScientists have not discovered the basis for this subject in reality, but apart from one another and throughout history, have discovered a variety of odds and ends associated with the subject. A crude probability calculation is that they will do, providing we factor a further millennia or more.\n\n\n[[Contact Report 104]]\n<blockquote>\n\"There are two schools of thought...<br> \nOne is that time is a structured, inflexible, linear phenomenon that can not be altered or changed.<br>\n...<br>\nThe other concept is that time indeed is a flexible, non-linear phenomenon that is navigable like space, and that once we know what time is and how to use it, we can really go backward and forward in time and perceive events there.\"\n</blockquote>\n\n\nSome scientists have looked into a whole variety of associated independent studies including at incredibly fine particulates and mysterious phenomenon.\n\n* Many of whom if not silenced have been near erased from the chronology of history because it was too controversial for the other scientists of their day and because of a fear that it may tarnish their profession.\n\n* The area of science takes an incredibly long time for any civilization to discover, not just ours. Its not anywhere nearly as simple as the other [[Fundamental Forces]] already discovered which is associated with it.\n\n* What use is finding and naming a particle or phenomenon, if it is not then brought back and suitably positioned in the body of public understanding. Allowing for a suitable revolution in understanding to occur. There is no use, it doesn't happen, its suppressed, typically for obscure religious reasons.\n: Upto today we have discovered everything from [[Foo Fighters]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_UFOs Haunebu]) to [[Psychopyrokinesis]] ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous_human_combustion Spontaneous human combustion]) but this is a revelation or a conspiracy theory because for whatever reason, usually money, the progresses aren't widely disclosed for a long time, if ever.\n\n* In any time really; some or another discoveries are omitted (censored), excluded (not worth knowing), overlooked (ignored), or simply not seen until later (confused) with the clarity of new perspectives of the same subject externally developed, reimplemented so it can then be seen anew.\n\n\nWhen scientists do discover fine-material in the future, then incarnation may well get another look in, be revisited and then the usefulness and value of the [[Spirit Teaching]] may or may not well then fall into its own. Which will be interesting because they'll be historical documents by that time. Either way the full story is rarely offered and tends to be forgotten about in any sequence, and this is relevant to reincarnation because reincarnation is essentially a cumulative build in the body of knowledge we have in common and share, that's what its for.\n\n\n[[Contact Report 251]] \n<blockquote>\nThis is the moment when Japan and China will discover that the prevailing physics is not the last word in knowledge, but that there exists yet a higher level of physics which extends into fine-matter spheres. Upon this realization, science will be discredited for some time.\n</blockquote>\n\nThe next section is about the creative-natural laws. Working with logic-gates to determine what is and what is not possible. The useful life philosophy aspect, which most folks want, is interspersed in the body of the text and as well as in the section at the end.\n\n<br><br>\n==Processes (section for creative-natural laws)==\nAs mentioned there is no science, its all a self supporting system of logic-gates. Don't argue that it's beleafey until you've taken the time to look at the breadth of what we are looking at, i.e in a position to judge.\n<br><br>\n===Which spirit-forms incarnate and which don't (new spirit-forms)===\n* The spirit can be observed in the fact that there is life.\n\n* It depends on swinging-waves, which academics would probably describe indirectly as cultural development and evolution. As to whether a spirit-form incarnates or not. If the evolution or cultural development is too high then new spirit-forms will not incarnate. Contrastingly if the evolution is too low then the higher evolved spirit-forms won't incarnate, or a special mixing may occur depending on the established regime which may cause ''special'' problems.\n\n* No new spirits are being incarnated on this planet presently (at the present time only, have done in the past) because the evolution (currently) is too high.\n\n: However many lower evolved spirits are already leading a life. Independently you may study mental disability.\n\n* A new spirit-form is different to a very lowly evolved spirit-form.\n\n* A yet ignorant new spirit form - in humans and in animals, etc. still has no overall consciousness block respectively, overall instinctive consciousness block. \n: Whereby out of this it would create unto itself a human conscious-consciousness, respectively, a material consciousness.\n: Or in the case of animals, an animal instinctive-consciousness. \n\n* The designation \u201cnew spirit form\u201d is given to and for it only at the point it actually enters and is born for the first time into a human body. \n\n* The new spirit form was created in its Ur-form (ur means most ancient) during the formation of the universal Material-Belt (the physical, and belt your in) by the creation's force in the universe.\n: The human spirit-form to be, was never \u201cnew\u201d, it reincarnated repeatedly and evolved on a long path of becoming a real human spirit-form. \n\n* The \"new\" spirit form (Neugeistform) is called \"new\" because it enters into a human being for the first time if that human being has passed the stages when he appeared (and was) more of an animal-like form. \n: The \"new\" spirit form has reincarnated before, but not with a human, but kind of an animalistic \"nature\". \n: The spirit form that enlivened the \"Adelobasileus cromptoni\" evolved together with the physical body of the animal, over millions of years, until the shape of the body had become human, and the brain had developed enough so the start as a human being became possible.\n\n* While it seems there is no real distinction between the final evolutionary stage of the primates and the very first stage of the real human being, there is. A particularly evolved animal is on the face of it quite similar to a particularly lowly evolved human being. But a consciousness based evolution wesen is different from an instinct intelligence based evolution wesen (see the types of wesen section below). In the same vein that a particularly evolved plant that moves and catches prey is not an insect despite frankly them both doing quite a similar thing with their time, they are slightly different forms of impulse evolution which is why '''they evolve slightly differently over a great length of time'''. Its about evolution goals which are going on in a fine-material dimension which is not scientifically discovered yet, difficult to put into non-scientific words too.\n\n* If we speak therefore exclusively of human, it is without the overall consciousness block respectively, overall instinctive consciousness block; and therefore is yet still an ignorant form and it is inhabiting for the first time in material body. Its a new Spirit of the universe and is yet to bear inside of it the spirit-form impulse superimposed laws, to create and develop itself out of an overall consciousness block.\n<br><br>\n===Length of time required in the Beyond===\n* For approximately every 100 years of life and individual lives out on Earth. The spirit-form needs about 152 years in the beyond.<ref>[https://figu.org/shop/b\u00fccher/rund-um-die-fluidalenergie-resp-fluidalkr\u00e4fte-und-andere-dinge Rund um die Fluidalenergie resp. Fluidalkr\u00e4fte und andere Dinge, Page 139].</ref>\n\n* It's not possible to remember the time between lives and we don't have the words to describe it.\n\n* No personality exists anymore, and therefore no thoughts as we are familiar with in our material lifetime.\n\n* Since the spirit exists in timelessness, you can say that it rests or slumbers in a waiting position. In that state it can absorb (aufnehmen) information from the storage banks of the overall consciousness block.<ref>formerly called comprehensive consciousness block; see http://dict.figu.org</ref>\n: Another term for that state: slumber-like state of rest.\n\nHowever due to overpopulation this length of needed time isn't always possible, which causes many problems.\n<br><br>\n====Consequences of overpopulation====\n'''Q: Why is overpopulation mentioned so quickly again?''' - A: Because its changed the arrangement of the creational-natural laws.\n\n\n* The resulting effect of [http://www.futureofmankind.co.uk/Billy_Meier/Category:Overpopulation overpopulation] on reincarnation. \n\n: It causes a new consciousness and new personality to incarnate with the reincarnation of the spirit-form only a very short time after death and time in the beyond unfortunately.\n\n: In some cases as little as half an hour later. However such extremely short cases are very rare. In such cases the new personality has to cope with the previously accumulated chronicle from the [[Storage Banks]] in the life itself not in the beyond. Such individuals receive strong impulses of remembrances of the earlier personality and they tend to make world news when the details of these recollections are shared. This happens because there wasn't enough time in between incarnations in the beyond, and there is still a strong connection to the previous material existence.<ref>[https://figu.org/shop/b\u00fccher/rund-um-die-fluidalenergie-resp-fluidalkr\u00e4fte-und-andere-dinge Rund um die Fluidalenergie resp. Fluidalkr\u00e4fte und andere Dinge, Pages 142-143].</ref>\n\n* In our modern times with the immense overpopulation there has come a factor of disorder into the whole process. In other words, spirit-forms have to incarnate again before the \"comprehensive consciousness block\" (Gesamtbewusstseinblock) has completely dissolved the old personality and/or completed the new personality.\n\n* Overpopulation has an effect only on the duration of the time between two incarnations. \n\nAs long as there is overpopulation on Earth, there will continue to be negative effects, such as this; human beings (spirit form and consciousness-block) being reincarnated too early:\n\n* If a spirit form is forced to reincarnate too soon, the OCB doesn't have enough time to fully ''program'' the new personality. \n\n: As a result, there are human beings born who have great problems to live through well into their new life \n\n* Other effects include: weakness, non-thoroughness, instability, etc.\n \n: Negatively affecting interpersonal relations, the environment; indeed and of course the planet itself. \n\n* From this results that so many human beings suffer from a variety of ailments, handicaps, problems, \"softness\", proneness to drug addiction, etc. etc. \n\n----\n\n* Once the population exceeds 529,000,000 Earth is overpopulated. We've been overpopulated since at least the 1800's, however probably the 1700's.\n\n* Even if we were to experience both WW III and Apophis and they together cause the world population to decline by 2/3 we would still be grossly overpopulated with almost 3 billion people. This means early reincarnations and the previously mentioned 152 years in the beyond area doesn't happen any longer.\n\n'''When did the world start to become so overpopulated that the spirit-form's time in the beyond was shortened?'''\n\n* During the Age of Enlightenment (1715-1789). The population of the world at that point, according to estimates, was 600-679 million; that's at least 71 million new spirit-forms incarnating on Earth when the world was already considered overpopulated. \n\n: Thus, going by this logic, the spirit-form's time in the beyond was shortened from around 1700 when the world's population was about 600 million or more.\n\n* It seems misguided to suggest that our evolution became too high any earlier than that period. The history before the Enlightenment was dark and ignorant. \n\n: The scientific revolution lead up to and influenced the Enlightenment period in the 18th century, and the publication of Nicolaus Copernicus's On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres is cited as marking the beginning of the scientific revolution, which was published in 1543.\n\n: However Plato's books in ancient Greece curves the idea of darkness and ignorance extending all the way back in time.\n\n* When we look at the estimates, in 1543 the population is believed to have been around 425-540 million. \n\n: This is much closer to the population count limit for the Earth as suggested by the Plejaren. The 1500s could likely have been the time when our evolution became too high, when new spirits were no longer being incarnated, and when the length of time of a spirit-form's stay in the beyond began to be shortened.\n<br><br>\n===Death and entering the beyond===\n* One's death is a fact of life, and there are many possibilities for our next life, and the future Earth that we create is our inheritance. This applies to all terrestrials that have not left orbit (we incarnate on the same planet we die on). We all want a positive future, and the future is written on how closely we can follow the recommendations. The only differentiation is there are those who already realize this, and those who have not learned it yet.\n\n* Since personalities (that which makes a person and individual with a certain name and thinking etc.) never incarnate again, but are dissolved after death; there are various irrelevances such as for example it is not relevant whether two spirit forms (or rather the connected personalities) have been in some interaction in former existences. Relationships, marriages and parent-child relations in this life are entirely non-relevant in future lives because each life has to deal with new people, relationships and circumstances.\n\n* It's the spirit-form and the overall-consciousness block and comprehensive consciousness block (Gesamtbewusstseinsblock) that enters the Beyond.\n\n* After the end of one\u2019s life the personality is dissolved before an entirely new one is built up. The gender is determined by genetics alone.\n\n* We don't need an explanation about what happens to the actual body itself after death because this is well understood already as nature, it decays and rots, goes through the process of disappearing by insects and exposure to weather, corrosion, decay etc. Not dissimilar to any animal, creature, but we tend to bury or have some other process depending on the culture, including event/ceremony, for our deceased.\n: What is important is that something tasteful and respectful occurs. \n: Cremation isn't recommended because the bones cause the spirit somehow to remember certain aspects to incarnate nearby and this may effect loved ones by readjusting their future.\n<br><br>\n====Inbreeding====\n* The spiritual teaching says that related persons should not have children with each other up to a minimum of the 7th generation.\n\n* Just as its the case with the inbreeding of dogs etc. Negative effects can and probably will also happen with offspring of human beings in later generations.\n\n* Aside the genetic problems which are known, inbreeding fosters all kind of other negative effects, like illness, disability, weakness, etc. \n<br><br>\n===Programming in the beyond before incarnation===\nCCB stands for comprehensive consciousness block and is synonymous with OCB which stands for overall consciousness-block.\n\nThe term comprehensive consciousness block was previously used by FIGU. It is no longer used and may still be found in older translations, but is synonymous with OCB. Billy stated that the term overall consciousness-block was a better translation for Gesamtbewusstseinblock, than comprehensive consciousness block.<ref>http://dict.figu.org/node/157</ref>\n\nThe spirit exists in timelessness, so never rests.\n\nDuring a human\u2019s time in the beyond, it absorbs information from the [[Storage Banks]] of the OCB (overall-consciousness-block).\n\nOm [Omfalon Murado] 32:07\n<blockquote>\nIt\u2019s duration of life, its kind of death, also its knowledge, what it will occupy or preoccupy itself with, it\u2019s character, it\u2019s intelligence, and it\u2019s mode of life\n</blockquote>\n- is predetermined, but only as a rough outline of the future life, ultimately we create the exact details of the path as we are doing it.\n\n* The spirit form and the overall-consciousness block analyses and reviews (aufarbeiten) what hasn't been digested and assimilated prior to death.\n\n* After death: Love, wisdom, education, knowledge etc. are transformed into a fine-matter form.\n\n* The former personality is dissolved and transformed into neutral energy.\n\n* Then later a new personality is worked out and develops which then incarnates, together with the spirit form, into an embryo at the 21st day after conception. The new personality has nothing in common with the former one.\n\n* From this cross-road one can venture into areas such as somewhat prior planning of anything and everything, unrolling, rolling out, evolution and scheduling as well as unknowingness/unassumingness of what's around the corner, the nature of arising cognition and human condition, compulsion, power of thoughts and feelings, composites, compounds (of knowledge) etc.\n\n* Since personalities (that which makes a person and individual with a certain name and thinking etc.) don't ever incarnate again, but are dissolved after death, it is not relevant whether two spirit forms (or rather the connected personalities) have been in some interaction in former existences. Relationships, marriages and parent-child relations in this life are entirely non-relevant in future lives because each life has to deal with new people, relationships and circumstances. \n\n* Nothing is carried over to the next incarnation (personality). The only thing that is inherited is genetic information from the parents.\n\n* It is not we who come back into a new incarnation, but it's an entirely new personality who has nothing in common with the former \"user\" of the spirit form.\n\n* There is no influence from a former life, and there is no influence on a future life. Each life must be taken as a independent unit, led by a new and unburdened personality.\n\n* Spirit forms are always a collective, 'We form', just as the human beings on Earth are as humankind.\n\n* Each personality is unique and will never be incarnated again. Therefore, nobody can incarnate as such and such.\n<br><br>\n====Wesen====\n* An overall-consciousness block is initially created by the spirit-form the first time a new spirit-form enters a Wesen.<ref>http://dict.figu.org/node/2038</ref> Be it an amoeba, plant, animal, other creature or human being.\n\n* The types of overall-consciousness block created by the new spirit-form is determined by the type of Wesen of the spirit-form that first enters it. \n\n* The process determines the type of consciousness block that will develop within the Wesen of that spirit-form that first enters.\n\n'''List of Types of Wesen'''<br>\n* Single/multi-celled organism Wesen\n: An overall-impulse consciousness-block with an impulse consciousness-block and an [[Impulse Evolution]] type of [[Evolution#Forms of Evolution]].\n<br>\n* Plant Wesen\n: An overall-impulse consciousness-block with an impulse consciousness-block and an [[Impulse Evolution]] type of [[Evolution#Forms of Evolution]].\n<br>\n* Animal Wesen\n: An overall-instinct consciousness-block with an instinct consciousness-block and an [[Instinct Evolution]] type of [[Evolution#Forms of Evolution]]\n<br>\n* Human being Wesen\n: An overall-conscious consciousness-block with an conscious consciousness-block and an [[Consciousness Evolution]] type of [[Evolution#Forms of Evolution]]\n<br>\n<br>\nThe root of the reincarnation subject is that in the case of the human being, the overall-consciousness block will remain associated to the spirit-form which created it for the remainder of that spirit-forms evolution.\n\n* It requires a physical body for its associated consciousness block's consciousness development during each lifetime of its spirit-form's line (lineage) of incarnated consciousness blocks (personalities and consciousnesses).\n \n: i.e., until the spirit-form evolves to the pure spirit level. \n\n* At that point there is no longer a need for the overall-consciousness block as there is no longer a need for the spirit-form to reincarnate into a human Wesen since it (the overall-consciousness block) completely dissolves during that latter stage [[The High Council]] level of development which is prior to the entering of the pure spirit level [[Arahat Athersata]].<ref>https://www.creationaltruth.org/Portals/0/Documents/Reference%20Material/Spiritual/Reincarnation-Incarnation-Process-sec.pdf</ref>\n<br><br>\n====Stages in the beyond area and nature of the other worldly area====\nAfter death there is something tantamount to an [[Afterlife]] which is conscious. Where the consciousness-block enters the overall-consciousness block (in the realm of the beyond area and other worldly area). To first resolve all unresolved impulse-based items, events and things of its previous incoming life. \n\n* These are resolved and added back into to the consciousness block as resolved impulse-based items.\n\nNext.\n\n* All impulse-based items are stored in the OCB (overall-consciousness block) [[Storage Banks]]/[[Akashic Records]]. Two copies are stored in the planetary level bank and the cosmic, universal [[Storage Banks]] where they're never therefore to be lost, regardless therefore of say a planetary level catastrophe.\n\n* The consciousness-block with its consciousness, personality, etc., are then all dissolved (deleted, transformation of state) into pure-creational energy, from which a completely new-consciousness block is created.\n\n* Thoughts from the previous life trigger a process of \u201cF\u00fcgung/Fuegung\u201d (there is no correct translation into English but roughly means 'causal foreordination'). This process cannot be influenced and steered.\n\nThen. \n\n* All impulse-based items stored in the OCB overal-consciousness block [[Storage Banks]] is copied into the [[Subconscious]] memory of the new consciousness-block.\n\n* This consciousness block will then incarnate into a new human Wesen along with its associated reincarnating spirit-form on the 21st day after conception.\n: This applies for all hominid life forms; humanoid beings on all [[Planets]] in the universe.\n\nThis process will take place each time the human body (Wesen) dies with the spirit form entering the realm of the other worldly area and the consciousness block entering its original spirit-created overall consciousness block in its own realm of the other world to repeat the reincarnation (spirit-form) and incarnation (consciousness block) processes. \n\n* The overall consciousness block itself exists in the beyond area and other worldly area and comes into utilization only after the death of each human being (successor-personalities) in a spirit-forms line (lineage). \n\n* As the overall consciousness block is by nature in the realm other world, it is not bound physically to a location, i.e., planet, cosmos, universe, but rather bound to the spirit-form that created it. \n\n* Where the human being goes, there also goes his/her spirit-form and consciousness block. Where the human being dies there also the afterlife process occurs, as the realms of the other world remains accessible for the reincarnation (spirit-form) and incarnation (consciousness block) process to occur. \n\n* When a human being travels to other locations (e.g. from the DERN to DAL universe) and dies the only difference may be in the planetary and possibly the cosmic storage banks that will store the impulse based items of the previously lived life. However this impulse-based information is still available in the universal storage banks, which if I understand correctly will be made available from the ocb storage bank into the new planet/cosmic storage banks following the death of the human being (on a new planet) following the afterlife reincarnation (spirit-form) and incarnation (consciousness block) processing through the overall consciousness block initially created by the spirit-form in the realm of the other world.<ref>http://forum.figu.org/us/messages/13/15840.html?1507527517#POST82898</ref>\n\n* This then in turn, creates itself from out of the Material conscious consciousness and therefore, into the actual personality, which then handles the material life, learns and after the death of the material body passes away. Connected with the spirit form, after the death of the material body in its own beyond area change-over, the same happens with the Overall consciousness-block, which also is received into its own Beyond area. In this the block works together with its neutral energy with the personality to still complete all, of what the current past life, has not yet been processed. this processing finds its completion, then through the power and energy of the overall - consciousness block, the personality dissolves into pure neutral energy, containing no more impulses of the old personality. \n\n* This neutral spirit-energy then finds the overall consciousness-block for use, to create a completely new personality and thus resulting in a new consciousness, with the dissolved past personality, respectively, with the old consciousness no similarities exist any longer. This new personality, it then, compatible together with the reincarnation spirit form and its overall consciousness Block, is born into a new human body. This also shows that no personality and therefore no human can be born again because this is reserved only and solely for the ever-steadfast spirit form. So only the spirit form, through Creational laws, is registered for the reincarnation, but not the personality. \n\n* During the lifetime the current personality, respectively. of the consciousness, are all ongoing things like thoughts, feelings, movements, skills and emotions, etc., etc., deposited in the storage banks for all time and registered and recorded. Death of the material body, then vanishes the consciousness, respectively, personality (personality and consciousness are two different terms for one and the same) who / which is integrated in the overall consciousness block, in a spirit form, beyond area adjoining area beyond its own. In this area, through the power of the neutral overall consciousness-block energy all this while the current life still unprocessed personality, respectively, the Consciousness, is processed, with everything emerging therefrom of neutral value is transferred into the spirit form in the beyond area. At the same time anything and everything is transferred into the storage banks and then stored there. Once the processing is completed, then the personality dissolves into pure spirit energy, which from the overall consciousness-block is formed into a completely new personality, respectively, into a new consciousness, of which the former existence no longer has a special story behind it or identity. However, this was already an introduced and explained in detail previously. \n\n* The new personality, respectively, the new consciousness, is born with only the reincarnation capable spirit form and leads a unique current life that is absolutely ignorant in every respect, therefore they then require lifelong learning for collecting knowledge and to build love and wisdom. Vibrationally and sub-consciously connected to the storage banks, but through their own frequency, in a subconscious way, ''retrieves'' impulses from its own previous personalities and its existence.\n\n* It can be guaranteed that '''Hell''' is not a place, but instead a state of mind (consciousness- and psyche-related). However there is absolutely NO punishment after death. Billy is absolutely sure about this and because he knows, its guaranteed to be nothing even remotely similar to religiose stories, because reality itself isn't like that.\n\n====Rough predetermined outline of future life====\n* The predetermination is only ever a rough outline of one\u2019s future life.\n\n* Its a conception of the actual path which you have to, more appropriately worded; ought to take. \n\n* The individual way, line, path, of action with every bell, whistle, detailing and every trapping isn't pre-determined. How you master every situation is down to you at the moment and during that future now.\n\n* Humans may through their thoughts and actions freely decide about the real/actual course of their life.\n\n* There is a good reason we develop a recommendation for ourselves and independently by ourselves, however. Momentum, chance, probability, luck, fate, destiny and focusing on actual possibilities is difficult at the point of now.\n\n: We only have so much time to deliberate with and over what we can actually do compared with the time it would require to do and would need compared to the planning versus the number of hours in a day. If it was all left to our material-intellect to do everything. Interestingly robots are going to have that problem, only solved by increasing the speed of the mechanisms, difficult to increase the quality of the decisions.\n\n:: <small>A general example could be a mature tenured elderly professional compared with a young individual in the same profession and work place, with less experience but trying to do the same quantity of things. The overall speed is the same, the younger person may even beat the older person on speed from time to time, but the quality of decisions are more rounded and successful with the older person, and the reasons for that are manifold and generally known, amounts to experience of combinations of possibilities and selecting the best combination every time.</small>\n::: <small>Overpopulation therefore doesn't represent the only breakage on Earth in this respect, because in over-regulated areas such as the European Union, straddled with legalese where all the answers are given out because competition is fierce and the quality of work isn't usually particularly advanced, old and young are equal. Employers may even prefer to take on a young individual because they're easier to manage, fresher, mouldable and tolerate being told what to do, less independence. Official statistics in these areas indicate the younger and older are unemployed and the middle age group are the ones used. On [[Erra]] its different in that they don't have Earth's rapid [[Ageing]] affliction and therefore don't have a rapidly changing economy; individuals can be employed in the same sector for their entire lives and progress onto incredibly perfect profound achievements unhindered by restrictive opportunities. Their '''rough predetermined outline of future life''' can be much stronger and robust than ours because there is more guarantee and a much wider collection of possibilities afforded to them.</small>\n\n* Incarnation is a fact, and this is proven by the fact that you can follow back \"into\" your own former incarnations if you have the ability to do so. This can be done through and via the [[Storage Banks]].\n\n* Procreation and fathering etc. are playing a role, through which the new personality with the ego, consciousness etc. is being created.\n: A child being neglected by the parents suffers later from the very bad influence. Children may turn out badly or become criminals. If parents don't have the time or funds or interest to look after their baby and child and provide a good education and love. Then they should not procreate.\n\n* The overall consciousness Block of human leads back to Creational Laws however, it is not to integrate, from scratch, into the spirit form. Actually, namely this block shall only be created by the spirit form itself, same power of the Creational laws, that the spirit form, from the two poles negative and positive there must be in existence the material body. The spirit form itself forms the positive value, while the overall consciousness block represents the negative value, Is in direct connection with the Material consciousness emanating from him, which itself is, through its own thought-forming energy influences, evolving itself. At the same time the material consciousness, in a special form, is in connection with the entire material body, so it also means that the material body forms the negative-value. This, in respect, also applies to the animals, etc., except that there is given an overall instinctive consciousness Block and an instinctive consciousness and thus no conscious consciousness. But now back to the spirit form, creates in humans the overall consciousness block or in the animal world etc., the overall instinctive consciousness block. \n\n* Thereby occurs in appearance, hunches and age-old acquired knowledge, which the new personality, respectively, the new consciousness learns very quickly and - together with the newly developed knowledge - will be ever more knowledgeable and wiser. From the storage banks \"retrieves\" knowledge impulses and reminder impulses, in terms of knowledge and wisdom, come from previous lives as a rule as premonitions, however, the human, as a rule, does not know where they come from. Due to this consequence, in the lack of understanding of the truth, they then call it inspirations which they attribute to some other level or entity, although in truth it is based on their own personal memory impulses of their own earlier personalities.\n\n\n\n===Environmental selection and election===\n'''Selection''' is a deceitful word to use because our spirit doesn't have a say in this. The next incarnation is \"selected\" by way of natural/creational laws, on a vibratory level. \n\nThe selections depend on Schwingungen<ref>http://dict.figu.org/node/758</ref> (swinging waves). \n\nAll human beings \u201cpulsate\u201d with a very characteristic swinging wave which creates a very specific, matching environment. \n\nThis is swinging-wave we determines the \u201cnew personality\u201d: The \u201cprogramming of the new personality\u201d is a natural event and process. Achieved in order to bring the sum-total of a spirit form\u2019s past incarnations into a \u201cperfect balance with the universal, creational swinging wave\u201d.\n\n* The spirit-form does not ''designate''. It's ''designated'' according to fine-material laws and natural processes including opportunity (this is a more robust approach to natural selection).\n* Children haven't necessarily pre-determined their parents, its more than that.\n* Parents can be an influence in who their children will be, but its not a given/rule. The Hindu connection between father and son is not unconditional.\n: Nurture, mothering and fathering plays a role in the spirits pre-ordinate development decisions for the new personality, in terms of the ego, consciousness etc. which will be created, because it can see the future and evaluate the outcomes well in advance of the physical unfolding of the future. In other words an individuals personality is a reflection on where they originated, their local family, government and society -and yes we can therefore look at e.g. crime statistics by nation and make a successful judgement of how they\u2019ve arranged themselves (if the data is correct).\n* Causal foreordination (f\u00fcgungsm\u00e4ssig) cannot be influenced or steered. \n: Its a naturally occurring process dependant on the sum total of all previous incarnations.\n* Consciousness-evolution related development isn't based in coarse-materialism, it's a fine-material based science. Knowledge, wisdom and learning can occur anywhere.\n: The cultural arrangement and standard of agreements a human treasured in any previous life may influence where that individual is re-born. \n* It's not necessarily the language spoken or material particulars but instead the general cultural style, aptitude, temperament, standard of living, style of existing, quality of exchange (confrontation, permissible, tolerance etc), tendencies, standard of opportunities and arrangement of liberties. Including what opportunities may have been blocked off nationally, traditionally, culturally.\n\nSome have described it as similar to a \u201cBluetooth-like pairing\u201d of the two swinging waves, their finding/coming together and as a very natural, cause and effect-based event/process.\n\nWhile it is true that a person's birthplace/society/country is all pre-selected and determined due to Creation's laws i.e due to one's vibratory frequency. Sometimes \"different\" persons will have a vibratory frequency greater then their parents, and these people follow their own personal vibratory frequency and realize they learned from his/her parents the example of what not to be like. Those different persons should follow their own way in life, and be who they really are at all times, and they will hopefully gravitate to the Meier case, and we can all change our entire civilization to the good one person at a time, that can turn into large groups of people, that can turn into even larger groups of people, until there is a complete liberation in consciousness of this planet.\n\n* Since there is always a new personality in each existence/incarnation (no exceptions!), it is not possible that two persons can promise to meet each other again in a next existence to continue with a \u201ctrue love\u201d. \n\n* There is no pre-determination (Vorbestimmung).\n\n* Incarnation in the same family is a rare exception and not the rule, because there are no familiar bonds over incarnations. Family bonds don\u2019t play a role in the incarnation laws.\n\n* As a rule, people are reincarnated into the same culture, race or nation etc. where they died.\n: Example: This means, that e.g. an Afro-American person in the USA will incarnate as an Afro-American person again, in the USA and not in Africa. \n: And if a German speaking Swiss person dies, he will incarnate again somewhere in Switzerland, Austria, Germany or Liechtenstein, etc. \n: In other words: A spirit form will not incarnate in France, then in Tibet, in Nigeria, and in Greenland, etc. etc. Incarnations occur within the group of people and cultures where one lived and thought, where all the thinking occurred in the previous incarnation, in one's former life.\n: This is no contradiction because there wasn't a big difference between the civilizations etc in Billy Meiers former lives which were in various different parts of the world; of Palestine and Arabia (or India) at that time. The reincarnations followed the path of the spreading knowledge across to Europe (during a time period of many hundreds of years, and several incarnations). \n\n* Reincarnation doesn't depend on the skin color, but on the education and civilization and evolutional level of a person, a group of persons, peoples, nations, etc. From this follows that, as an example, a white US American person may reincarnate as a black US American person, and vice versa.\n: An educated European scientist will not reincarnate in the Amazon jungle among a native tribe, etc.; and a person who strongly or fanatically believes in Islam or Jewish faith (e.g. who lives in Arabia or Israel, etc.) will not incarnate into a well-educated family in Sweden or Holland, etc.\n\n* What really matters regarding reincarnation is the level of evolution (of understanding, knowledge, freedom of thinking, culture, etc.) of a person, both on a personal level, and also regarding the surrounding society. The average level of evolution/civilization of a nation has an influence on the location of incarnation of a spirit form. An average Swiss person (or rather his spirit form) who is accustomed to (more or less) freedom of speech, democracy, security, welfare, pluralism, etc., will not reincarnate in Arabia or some other country where religion has a strong hold on the everyday life of the citizens.\n\n* As a rule: The more religious a nation is, the more opposed to progress it is, and the less evolved with regard to civilization/technique etc. it is, and these different factors are a part of the selection process by the spirit-form with where they incarnate, depending on the spirit-form and its previous incarnations.\n\n* Spirit-forms reincarnate in the same cultural and consciousness-related region/society.\n: What is different is the periods of life and afterlife, the time the spirit form is dwelling in the Beyond. \n: Example: A spirit form of a Swiss person who has been educated in Switzerland will reincarnate again in the Western European region, and not in the Sahara desert region. But the spirit form of a person from Central Africa, who has come to Switzerland as a child and has been educated in Switzerland and continues to live there, may be incarnating again in Europe. \n\n* Everything depends on the consciousness-related evolution.\n: Example: A particularly lowly evolved individual coming over to Europe or Asia from the middle-east and doesn't receive any additional education while there, is ignored, just wanders around engaging in Islamist Terroristic activities and terrifying the locals, probably won't reincarnate again with those locals. Unless of course those locals enjoyed it, in which case they were meant for each other, they may all reincarnate together in a ghetto, slum area, housing estate, which ever they can reincarnate together and enjoy one another's company again in a suitable framework. But usually they'll reincarnate back somewhere in the middle-east again having learnt nothing from their excursion.\n\n* Egypt used to be a black persons nations, many of them live in other areas of the continent now and to a certain extent in north America and Europe which is where they'll most likely reincarnate. The painting on the wood of the Pharaoh's coffin even looks like an African-American. There are untranslated contact report's which describe how the original black peoples of Egypt suffered black-flight when the Muslims migrated into the area over a succession of centuries. Today its a Muslim nation. What is not particularly well known due to the untranslated documents not being widely circulated is that black and white people are reasonably similar and compatible for evolving together, having evolved together on a previous world. Black people quite often formulate a similar set of tastes as white people. Aversion to any religion, that is, irreligious, is quite normal between both groups. Basically the Egyptians were not originally Muslim and most of the original black people who made Egypt what it is or was, aren't incarnating nearby any longer. Its similar to how the original white people of the black sea are no longer incarnating around the black sea any longer, they've shifted over into what is today Europe and north America, just as black people have shifted over into the slightly lower western coastal areas of the Africa of today.\n\n===Influencing the future===\n\n* The correct way to improve the future is by realizing the Creational laws and commandments, and to live in line with them.\n\n===Gender Allocation===\n\nThe gender is not determined by impregnation, but instead by the spirit-form's personality that enters the embryo, which begins on the 21st day of pregnancy. \n\nWe get the chromosomes genetically during procreation however they are not activated until later, 8-12 weeks after procreation. The new consciousness determines which chromosomes are activated, these are then activated by the spirit-form's energy. \n\nPertaining to your next incarnation (reincarnation), if a person makes a decision with clear thinking during his/her current embodiment to reincarnate as a male, that is what will happen; same as with female. Reincarnation cannot be stopped, it will continue to eons. In science an eon is about a billion years. \n\nIf a person (spirit-form) is a female in physical embodiment (current life) today and they want to come back as a female in their next embodiment, with clear thinking this person must think that they want to be a female and it will be registered in the persons personal spirit memory block; it\u2019s a form of programming. A persons thoughts are very powerful which most humans have not figured out yet. \n\n* It's the new personality that's been created by the comprehensive consciousness block (Gesamtbewusstseinblock) that steers and directs the developing embryo in order to either remain a female body or to become a male body. \n* The process is made possible by the spirit\u2019s force or power.\n: Therefore it's the spirit form that is responsible for the necessary impulses for this process. \n* However it's not the spirit-form itself that decides the gender.\n: It\u2019s the new personality and its various aspects, goals etc; that determine the baby\u2019s gender.\n\n====Homosexual, gay, lesbian, transgender, transsexual====\n\nIts not homophobic, its the way nature works and this page is about reincarnation and the details and mechanics of how it works. \n* Homosexuality is a natural occurrence in conflict with nature.\n* If a person is confused about their sex at the end of their previous life and/or does not know if they want to be female or male, they will reincarnate as a homosexual, but this is not a given/rule.\n* Psychological counselling, having a role model, a teacher or instructor, going hunting with a man, joining a military, engaging gender specific activities etc can help a person (spirit-form) to correct this, more appropriately worded; change it naturally. \n: Clear Thoughts: Firming the identity individually can assist with orientation, such that in their next incarnation the individuals spirit-form can be either male or female depending on their clear thoughts.\n* If a person stays undetermined as to being a female or male, they will again incarnate as a homosexual.\n* Homosexuals sometimes change their orientation over time without intervention, many do, its not set in stone for the entire life. In many nations its illegal to intervene and/or socially unacceptable to, so it's a matter for time to deal with.\n\n===Retrieving information from the Storage Banks===\n\n* The spirit-form which enlivens a human body can visit itself via time travel into the past or future. \n: Theory A: Presumably because at any one given time/life they're developing a different 'set' or 'sub-set' of knowledge which doesn't interfere with the futurological or past self. It's not like computer read/write access denied. The time in the beyond and other worldly area is bound to form a suitable path for the time ahead of itself. It couldn't/wouldn't interfere with it's futurological or past self.\n: Theory B: Every time-space configuration has its own [[Storage Banks]] and despite a second copy of all sequences being adjoined again for the universal-storage-banks; they are inaccessible in any other time-space configuration or dimension other than the beyond area and other worldly area.\n: Theory C: One of the Plejarens [[Apparatus]] deals with the problem if it is a legitimate problem having some form of effect.\n\n* If the spirit form and personality, respectively, the consciousness of the human evolves to a certain high level, then one's own impulses can be \"retrieved\" from the storage banks of the present current life and also the impulses of their own earlier personalities whereby the human's conscious knowledge and wisdom of his previous personalities' past lives can make available. Frequencies that are similar to other personalities can also be used here, if \"related\" knowledge impulses retrieved and can be used for evolution.\n\n* There is in rare occasions a communication possible with the comprehensive-consciousness-block (CCB), but that is more a communication as with a computer, it can only answer question for which it has the knowledge, this communication is only possible for the time the CCB exists. \n\n* The CCB exists for the amount of time the spirit needs to process all data stored in it. \n\n* After that time it will be neutralized completely in spiritual energy and used to create an absolutely new and neutral personality which has no connections whatsoever with the former personality/CCB. \n\n* In short, communication with the dead is simply not possible but at the same time absolutely is but is not recommended.<ref>[[Contact Report 007]] lines 201.</ref>\n: So called seances are (tend to be) conscious or unconscious fraud or imagination or connection with the collective subconsciousness of the human race. Or retrieval of information from the Storage Banks, random information from the Storage Banks isn't useful, it must be targeted and then its useful. Many mediums are just very good actors and indulge in the desires of their theatrical drives.<ref>[[Contact Report 007]] lines 210.</ref>\n: The overall consciousness blocks, which enter into fine-material worlds like the spirit forms themselves, are no further along in their knowledge than they were in their material lives so are not worth communicating with anyway because their behaviour is the same as when they were living, thus, they still own falsehood and lies and deliberate deception.<ref>[[Contact Report 007]] lines 202.</ref>\n: Those who are materially alive shouldn't want to get in touch with them because they could be lied to in large measures.<ref>[[Contact Report 007]] lines 204.</ref>\n: There are actually only very few real mediums, and mostly, they are almost unheard of. The fact that they are real mediums, they are silent over this and make no fuss about it.<ref>[[Contact Report 007]] lines 215.</ref>\n\n* The content from the former personality is not relevant to the content of the next (the actual) incarnation.\n\n* The consciousness-related development/evolution is not based on the material things, but on knowledge and wisdom.\n\n* The 'spirit' generally has no recollection of its 'former lives'. However there are ways in which a skill to recollect may be developed and then occur, however this has never been taught on Earth.<sup>[citation needed]</sup> If it has been taught then this has been in isolation.\n\n* When we are 'reincarnated' ie incarnate, many (possibly thousands or millions) times over, it is possible that we can 'link or meet again', live our lives and meet again with former 'physical' family or friends or anyone that we've encountered in our previous lifetimes.<sup>[citation needed]</sup>\n: Although we have no memories of it. There a variety of methods to discern such a connection, typically reductionism and the reductionist approach to problem solving which yields particularly vague rarely accurate results (non scientific approach).<sup>[citation needed]</sup> Example: ''I have been born here and feel comfortable with these individuals so must have some long term connection with them.''\n: No correct technique, verifiable or scientific method, for determining such an ancient long term connection with others, has ever been taught on Earth from what can be gathered about the subject, even if there are general ideas floating about and openly accepted facts in some circles about it and if it has been, it has been in isolation or has been learnt by chance by an individual or perhaps a small group, just like any of these fringe skills. If it was discovered it also probably a religiously tainted coating and lazy eye lethargic glazing ie not scientific, mature temperament, stable, verifiable or teachable etc.<sup>[citation needed]</sup>\n: Truth is that the secret sciences if you want to call it that have never been taught on Earth and if they have, then not well, or its been in isolation and/or tarnished with a series of abnormal, strange behavioural characteristics, such as demonstrated by insane, fanatical (not worth knowing) individuals in isolation etc. Where the secret sciences have been demonstrated its been in isolation. Not in a normal educational way.<sup>[citation needed]</sup>\n: When Billy lifted the oven with his mind<sup>[citation needed]</sup> this is an instance of such isolation. It was not taught in a public school to Billy by a training professional who was taught by a scientific professional. It might seem like a boring obvious thing, but if we look at reality which few do, then we can clearly see that our education system doesn't have secret fine-material sciences listed as a unit or module under the mid week citizenship or general class or something like this. Or a unit called meditation techniques and later life telekinesis preparations for primary school children, where key facts are given to primary school children which incites a learning sequence to adulthood.\n\n====Growing in strength over time====\n\n* The spirit form reincarnates because of the learning process.\n\n* The spirit-form will and does increase and grow only, but only if there is a consciousness-related evolution present.\n\n: From this we can also determine that the will is also evolving. \n\n* It only takes 40 to 60 million years for the average spirit-form to complete the reincarnation process, and transition to [[The High Council]] level (in place of the previously stated billions, which is false, this mistake, according to a Bulletin, of reporting billions, when it should have been millions, this was due to errors when Billy accessed the storage-banks, where it is difficult to differentiate between the two numbers.\n: However evolution is by no means guaranteed.\n\n* Only that which is stored is relevant for the next life and incarnation. If something negative is necessary to create something positive, then this is evolution-increasing (\u201cevolutiv\u201d in German). Knowledge, wisdom, love, logic, freedom and peace are decisive for the evolution in the next life (transmitted as impulses).\n\n==The Codex and the 144k==\n\nOM [Omfalon Murado] 33:103 \n<blockquote>\nAnd so he will be as prophet of the new time, when the time of the time comes around, and when his name means that he is the guardian of the treasure (note: Eduard) at the time when the equitable ones have expunged their seven-thousand-fold guilt and will have taken the step for the fulfilment of the oath of the determination.</blockquote>\n\n* The codex, which was dissolved in the 90's, was an ancient spiritual agreement, which applied to a certain small group of ET spirit-forms, who had done some terrible things in Earth history, 389,000 years ago, events which had affected terrestrial mankind in a negative way. They were required to reincarnate 7000 different times, each time with a new personality, and consciousness block, until they were back to the guidelines of the laws, and recommendations of Creation. These were not \"punishment\" incarnations, but \"learning\" incarnations.\n\n* The former fallible ones (former Ringleaders) who broke laws (creative-natural laws) 389,000 years (considered a long time) ago on Earth and therefore affected terrestrial mankind in a negative wise/way.\n: They were the 144,207 JHWH [[Jschwjsch]] leaders, and sub-leaders.\n: The crimes varied from everything from two ancient terrestrial nuclear wars, all the way to an ancient crime syndicate called the \"sons of heaven\" formed to deceive and delude the humans already living here.\n: To atone for their various crimes they had to reincarnate on Earth for 7,000 lifetimes to atone for their ancient guilt, and they now have, and have fulfilled their fulfilment of guidelines, and became equitable ones. \n\n* Much later in history they took oaths 13,500 years ago to assist BEAM in what has been described as the '''new time''', and to fulfil a special mission. \n\n* There should be no animosity or hostility towards these spirit-forms, because of their former historical personalities.\n\n* The 144,228 are different to the 144,207 but have similar characteristics.\n\n* The 144,228 Geteuer spirit-forms currently alive is is explained on page 81 of the Nokodemion book that; the Getreuer can be found in the FIGU core-group as well as a certain number of passive members, and also outside of FIGU membership, and all throughout the world. \n\n* Nokodemion Book page 81 states that the 144,228 Getreuer have been reincarnating for the mission for between 8 and 12 million years, which includes the 4 million years spent in the beyond, which, according to page 81, people possessing these spirit-forms, can be found in the core-group, passive members, and people outside of FIGU membership, in all the world.\n: To put into perspective the Geteuer ET spirit-form's age of 8 to 12 million years, to terrestrial spirit-forms, [[Christian Frehner|CF]] indicates that the age of terrestrial spirit-forms have only averaged living 3 million years so far.<ref>http://forum.figu.org/cgi-bin/us/discus.cgi?pg=next&topic=12&page=11794</ref>\n\n* Nokodemion Book page 49 indicates that Nokodemion first formed the Geteuer 12 million years ago.\n\n* Some of the 144,207 ET former JHWH [[Jschwjsch]] commanders and sub-leaders currently alive can also be found in the core-group, some passive members, FIGU forum posters, and FIGU book readers, and other people trying to help the mission. \n\n: Most people do not know that there are two different groups of 144K ET spirit-forms reincarnating on Earth presently, and that both groups are to assist the FIGU mission. It is likely this includes successor personalities for some folks, and of course those bearing native Earth-born spirit-forms can (and will) help too. \n\n* Like any former JHWH [[Jschwjsch]] commander reincarnating on Earth, the 144,207 ET spirit-forms are \"throttled-back\" by the AA (Arahat Athersata, see [[The High Council]]) pure-spirit-level to the level of an \"average\" Earth human, or they would go insane.\n\n: ET spirit-forms reincarnating on Earth can overcome this \"throttling-back\" by arduous study of the spiritual teaching in the FIGU books, which I equate to learning in your mode of life (Lebensweise) and learning in your living experience (Erleben [to live it]) which is based on how you conduct your life-conduct (Lebensf\u00fchrung). \n\n* The 144,207 equitable ones want to help. \n\n* The 144,228 Getreuer want to help.\n\n* There have been long periods when that group of spirit forms (144,228 Getreuer) had been \u201claid on ice\u201d so to speak (in a waiting position in the cold of the beyond). However, this was a one-time exception. Usually all spirit forms in our universe are evolving at a normal speed and on Earth they are finishing their incarnation cycles much faster than at \u201cnormal speed\u201d.\n\n* All the many descendants of those \u201cGetreue\u201d have already entered the level of Arahat Athersata and have lived through their normal evolutionary cycle.\n\n* Some of the other people bearing ET spirit-forms from the big groups of former immigration waves reincarnating on Earth want to help. \n\n* Some people bearing native Earth-born spirit-forms want to help. \n\n* ET spirit-forms are considerably older then native Earth-born spirit-forms, \n\n: The oldest being the Getreuer (not counting the Nokodemion spirit-form, who is the oldest, and wisest) at 69 million years old. \n\nFor those that want to know more about the 144,207 equitable ones should read [[Contact Report 191]], the German only broschure \"Rund um Codex\", and the German only OM book. OM 31:1162 - 31:1368 is ancient name-lists of some of the former fallible ones that were higher up in authority in those ancient days. \n\n* If you will never read German, it's your loss, but don't fret, OM is very good, but GOT is the best book penned by BEAM in my opinion. \n\nFor those that want to know more about the 144,228 Geteuer spirit-forms, read the German only Nokodemion book. \n\n\n\nGoblet of the Truth chapter 18 verses 1, 2 & 7 it says the following:\n<blockquote>\n1) The ones truly having knowledge of the truth are like glittering stars in the firmament, because they are the reflection of the laws and recommendations as they have been given since the beginning of all unfolding (existence) through the primordial eternality (Creation).<br> \n2) And the ones truly having knowledge of the truth and the ones truly following the truth are people of your kind (human beings), as they are also mighty helpers and leaders for all people of your kind (humankind) on the thorny way to finding the truth and following the truth, and they stand by you for obtaining the virtues in the best possible fullness of value.<br> \n7) And if you people of your kind (human beings) wish to follow the proclaimer (prophet) then you must determine (select) yourselves to do this and take a special way on which you disconnect (liberate) yourselves from all that is earthly, which binds you to the unrighteous (conscienceless) and the unfair (irresponsible); this alone is extensively (amply) the way of the selected (completed) observation (control) of the primal-eternal (creational) laws and recommendations, from which true love and wisdom and high knowledge evolve, which are the highest good of the truthly proclaimer (prophet).\n</blockquote>\n\n* There is no known document stating the differences in the spirit-form age of the various different groups:\n: 144,207 Old Lyrian former ringleaders spirit-forms or Sirian ET spirit-forms (genetically manipulated peoples' immigrations: see [[Contact Report 251]]), Bardan spirit-forms, and the \"regular\" (non-Getreuer & non-former ringleader) those 25 million year old Lyrian spirit-forms reincarnating terrestrially prior to the events 389,000 years ago, or any of the other ET groups mentioned in the special features section of the MH film \"the Silent Revolution of Truth\"\n: However they are all only in the millions of years old, not billions.\n\n\n[[Contact Report 650]]\n\nThe Age of Aquarius quarterly has an excerpt of contact 650. In it Ptaah and Billy discuss the arrival of the 144 thousand and 228 Getreuer folk to Earth, who were connected to Nokodemion's following personalites Henok and Henoch, and Ptaah reveals that over 2 million extraterrestrial people who were descendants of the Nokodemion descendancy people arrived to the Earth with the Getreuer for the mission, out of which 1,151,828 humans were \"listed\" (recorded in the annals of the Plejaren) out of which 575,914 ET spirit-forms of the 1,151,828 listed extraterrestrials returned to the Earth and stayed behind on the Earth and thus died, and are reincarnating as a part of the Earth people as new successive personalities. \n\nOf the 575,914 ET spirit-forms reincarnating on the Earth, as of the date of the contact (4th April 2016) 287,707 are currently alive with an active life as personalities on Earth for the mission located (living) among all peoples of the Earth. The rest of the 575,914 are in the beyond waiting to be reborn with new personalities. \n\nTo the best of my knowledge, the large immigration force was 13,500 years ago during the time of Henoch I (BEAM's former prophet personality), so the 144 thousand and 228 Getreuer and the 575,914 haven't been here very long, and I think Atlantis was still functional/operational (pre-war) so it would have been very easy to host a direct landing of an immigration force with mindset of the great Nokodemion/Henok mission that Earth is a part of in this new time (Age of Aquarius). \n\n* = summary by Corey M\u00fcske of original German excerpts of contact 650 found in the Age of Aquarius quarterly #190 page 31-33, copyright FIGU-BEAM Age of Aquarius publishing.\n\n<small>Source: http://forum.figu.org/us/messages/863/8879.html?1553356888#POST86150</small>\n\n(FOM Note: 13,500 years ago was not \u2018very long\u2019 ago, that is considered recent) \n\nThe three million individuals, spread out world wide with concentrations in certain areas, relatively recent arrivivals on Earth in the last 100 thousands since the destruction of planet [[Malona]], live a life which is erratic in terms of their interests, occupations, skills, abilities, learning, social relationships etc. They\u2019re doing many different things with their time and typically in many places and meeting many different persons and it is certainly not all competency based either. These are not rules by any means but is a general signifier. They\u2019re typically decent, generative folks who are shy of depravity and would find it very difficult behaving in the worst forms of inhumanity were they forced to. The best way to generally track them down through history is controversial, but if you\u2019re interested enough you\u2019ll quickly find a video on youtube which shows all significant events in recorded history as dots on a world map with a countdown of years to the present, its similar to the history stories in the [[Contact Reports]]\n\n===ET Spirit Forms===\n* These other spiritual forms included the many millions of extraterrestrial spirit forms who moved to Earth, voluntarily or involuntarily, from the Lyra and Vega systems, and the destroyed planet [[Malona]] in the SOL system.\n\n* When the Lyrians came to this planet and died here. They just \"joined\" the spirit forms of the original Earth humans. They did not have to wait for the Earth humans to \"catch up\". \n\n* The effect of an extraterrestrial spirit form is automatically \"blocked\" when it reincarnates on a foreign planet where the average evolutionary level of the people is lower. But of course there remains a influence to the effect that the person with the ET spirit form shows a somewhat higher level of evolution in the material life. \n\n* There are 50 million ET spirit-forms in the Earth's reincarnation cycles. \n\n* Many people have surmised there are much more than that if one considers Mars, Malona, Sirian immigrations, etc, \n\n* Note: There is a contact that has not been translated yet that gives a % of the population that bear ET spirit-forms (% only, not a total number, but this could be deduced if you knew the real total Earth population count at the year of the contact)\n: One cannot deduce the total number, because it would not account for the ET spirit-forms in the beyond. All one could deduce is the amount of those alive people bearing ET spirit-forms during the exact year only of the contact.\n\n===Finding the Spiritual Teaching===\nRe-finding anything for that matter, and why you found the [[Spirit Teaching]] in the first place, why are you even reading this?\n\n* If a person is meeting and finding the spiritual teachings this means, as a rule, that there are already certain impulses stored and accepted in the storage banks, and that the person in a former life (as another personality) had experiences in the same line.\n\n* If this process is somewhat \u201cintensive\u201d, then this is an indication that the person has caught these impulses that has in turn led him/her into this direction.\n\n* Alternatively, if the spiritual teachings are found and encountered for the first time ever, the indication of this is that the process and feelings encountered etc. is much slower and therefor not intensive.\n\n* Contrary to knowledge, wish factors (Wunschfaktoren) are not and cannot be transferred into a next life.\n\n* If a person really lives according to the spirit teachings or is really trying to live according to it, then the person will have a good chance to find to it in a next incarnation and take up the impulses. Everything pivots on the individuals level of interest.\n: The spiritual component of the universe is human beings and is all over the universe.<sup>[citation needed]</sup> Its not discovered easily by scientists strangely despite being all over their lives because it essentially all deals with human beings and consciousness.<sup>[citation needed]</sup> Its also one of the most complicated scientific areas.<sup>[citation needed]</sup>\n\n===Nokodemjon===\n* In later years Nokodemjon was once again pointedly prepared in various ways by different people of terrestrial and extraterrestrial origin in many countries on Earth. They instructed him in the most diverse fields of knowledge of a spiritual and physical nature, so he would be able to fulfil his task in the Mission, and continue his contacts with the Pleiadians/Plejaren. \n\n* Billy's Nokodemion spirit-form is currently 9.6 thousand million years old (Nokodemion book/FIGU Schweiz page 45 corrected this detail, older translations may contain different numbers). Considerably older than the Plejaren and for that matter most of anyone else living in the universe, still incarnating. This amount of time has been sufficient to evolve in the past for his spirit-form up and into the [[Arahat Athersata]], the pure spiritual form and back again. Its not however common for a purely spirit-form come back again, to make this kind of transition but Billy has described it as normal i.e possible, for any universe.\n\n* The Plejaren have described it sensitively in the most grounded normal sort of a way for us to be able to understand as Billy being surrounded by a kind of 'mystery' which has been difficult for them to quite understand. Other than that and to anyone else Billy is just a normal Swiss Earth man, a writer, and he tries to quickly flatten/squash anything that may lead to some kind of build up of worship or idling idolatry such as drawing flattering portraits of him etc, because frankly he is a normal man for all intents and purposes, wants to keep it this way so he remains approachable to all, he treats everyone as his equal in terms of both being human and talks normally to anyone.\n\n===Philosophies===\n* The easiest example is to observe plants that wither in winter and are growing anew in spring. Life is stored within the roots or the bulb. If a tree that looses its leaves is compared to the spirit form, then the new leaves and blossoms etc. are the new personality and consciousness.\n\n* In each incarnation the personality is once again free to decide about the course of one\u2019s life, namely through one\u2019s thoughts and actions. It\u2019s not the position a person is holding in a life, e.g. the position of a director, king, farmer, etc., but the things the person is learning by leading the life and doing the job, etc.\n\n* In the current life it is immaterial which of the four groups you belong to (see above information regarding codex)\n\n: What matters is what you choose to do with your studies, and what choices you make as your destiny is in your very own hands. \n\n* You are your own \"Destiny-smith\". Aside from the beneficial treasures of the consciousness from studying in the present lifetime, students of the spiritual teaching can possibly reincarnate as a further \"mission-helper\" with their successor personality, and in a few lifetimes there will be \"truth-bringers\", and considering how backwards the Earth is, I'm sure all mission-help will be welcome in the future times by the future ones. \n\n* The events of a human life are hard to fathom. \n* They are filled with many situations in which we meet a (justly or unjustly) suffering living being. \n* Sometimes we may feel a great desire to relieve it from its ordeal. \n* Our thoughts are very creative. \n* So (in response to a suffering human being) we sometimes may, in later life, enter a similar situation of suffering. \n* We should then muster a strong life force by connecting with the universal creative forces and undertake the steps to master our (adopted) suffering. \n* If we succeed we gain the strength to understand and guide a suffering person (similar to the one for which we felt the great compassion) out of its dilemma.\n* Your spiritform may be perfect from start to finish, but the personality sure isn't.\n\n* It is feasable to think that the Earth would benefit in the future centuries by older (and wiser) ET spirit-forms' new personalities, as well as, further developing native Earth-born spirit-forms' new personalities who want to live the laws and recommendations of the Creation. \n\n* If a person is consciously evolving he will always know that \"I am me\u201c. You as a person do not reincarnate. There will be an entirely new \u201cI\u201d that has no memory or knowledge about this your present \u201cI\u201d.\n\n==Related numbers, statistics and calculations==\n* [[Erra]] is similar in size and relative distance from their sun as [[Earth]] is to ours, so the [[Plejaren]] will also spend 1.52 times their lifespan in the beyond after death. Assuming an average lifetime of 1,000 years, then 389,000 years (see [[Event Timeline]] divided by 2,520 (1,000 + 1,520) would equate to 154.365 Plejaren lifetimes.\n\n* \"Goblet of the Truth\" verses that instruct the Earth about banishment<ref>(places of fulfilment of guidelines, incarnation areas of the world for group members due to previous civilizations being there)</ref>: ~2:197, 2:233, 2:388, 3:146, 3:214-3:215, 4:04, 4:25, 4:33, 4:47, 4:54, 4:58, 4:82, 4:83, 4:122, 4:220, 5:33, 5:50, 5:55, 5:137, 6:125, 7:04, 8:68-8:71, 9:99\n\n* We may find it very hard to imagine why the evil was committed some 389,000 years ago. But the ca. 144,000 were fleeing a terrible, long lasting war.\n:There is as well a guideline for those 144,207 old Lyrans that failed some 389,000 ago, to change the poison of their misdeed into a tool that creates great benefit for humanity.\n:The banished ones have to absolve 7000 life times in the challenging environment of our Earth.\n:Each life may be different. But it always is our task to guide, our and their consciousness, back to the essence of all Creation. The source of strength for every living being. The oneness of universal love.\n\n* [[Atlantis]] was primarily destroyed by the engineered chunk of asteroid directed down upon it by the scientists from Mu on a suicide mission.\n: The asteroid attack was in retaliation for a nuclear strike on Mu.\n: The atomic attack on Mu and the asteroid attack on Atlantis may well have been happening simultaneously, it\u2019s just that the nukes arrived at Mu first. \n: Those that caused the problems in our time are humans related to the same spirit forms are not necessarily those that caused the destruction of Mu. However they are re-incarnating to prevent a similar cataclysm that unfolded when Atlantis attacked Mu. \n\n\n\n[[Contact Report 653]] Excerpt.\n\n<blockquote>\n95. The consciousness-development of the Erran population, which is to be assessed at between '''20 and 30 million''' years higher than that of the terrestrial human beings, does not enable for us Plejaren any relapses into dark, de-evolutive and inhuman machinations, because the entire Plejaren population has once and for all progressed onto the way of the teaching of the prophets and shall also, with sureness, tread that way further.<br>\n98. Unfortunately, on the planet Earth there are, in all governments, undergovernments, offices, administrations and branches of government and so in all very important key positions, there is a preponderance of human beings who are might-greedy, paranoid psychopaths, who are recognized as such neither by their co-workers nor by the public.<br>\n99. The fact here is also that this bulk of unrighteous-ones and psychopaths operates behind closed doors and, in their markedly characteristic egoism and their might-greed, do everything in a secret wise over and past the will of the folk and make decisions for the folk to their detriment.<br>\n100. Indeed, those in the highest positions of government are very mighty figures, but the bulk of them is lacking in clear intellect and conscious rationality, as well as the necessary modesty and responsibility to the folk.<br>\n101. They are all true leviathans[13] with gigantic might, which they misuse without restraint.\n</blockquote>\n\n[[Contact Report 191]] Excerpt.\n<blockquote>\n79. In addition, this is the first time since the beginning of the great evil that in the present life until now, still no member has degenerated or received harm in such a way that one has met a forcible death or has loaded death-guilt upon himself, which can still happen, however, with one or others who are already strangers to today's group again.<br><br>\n79. Ausserdem ist es das erste Mal seit Beginn des grossen \u00dcbels, dass im gegenw\u00e4rtigen Leben bisher noch kein Glied derartig ausgeartet oder zu Schaden gekommen ist, dass eines einen gewaltsamen Tod\n</blockquote>\n\n[[Contact Report 150]] Excerpt.\n<blockquote>\n100. As crazy as it sounds, with the knowledge about the earthly overpopulation:<br>\n100. So irr das bei den Kenntnissen um die irdische \u00dcberbev\u00f6lkerung klingt:<br> \n101. A new people must be established.<br> \n101. Es muss ein neues Volk gegr\u00fcndet werden.<br> \n102. But it must be a people that lives in accordance with the natural-creational laws, making it the role model for the large mass of stupefied Earth humanity and affects them instructively.<br> \n102. Das jedoch muss ein Volk sein, das gem\u00e4ss den nat\u00fcrlich-sch\u00f6pferischen Gesetzen lebt, wodurch es der grossen Masse der verdummten Erdenmenschheit zum Vorbild wird und belehrend auf diese einwirkt \n</blockquote>\n\n\n* Through calculations (\"Every Cause has its Effect; every Effect has its Cause\") if certain things happen then we can expect certain results.\n\n* Through dreams and visions (all in this life is interconnected, all follow a logical order, for some persons it is possible to know about future events (even if they are millions of years ahead), really wise persons can control this ability. \n\n* It is also possible to travel to the future physically to see what is going to happen, if a technology has been developed and that takes a long time.\n\n* Prophecies can be changed and are obtained through calculations, dreams or visions, etc and predictions cannot be changed and are the result of looking directly into the future (travelling through time using technology or using the powers of the consciousness).\n\n* The spirit gains consciousness/self-awareness at the moment it \nreaches the level of Arahat Athersata, from this point on, evolution occurs, fully logical in a self-aware manner. I dont know how that works, but I do know that pure spirit forms are flawless in their thinking and logical, e.g they dont make mistakes. \n\n* The material consciousness has an absolute connection with the \nspirit, in the way that it derives its life force and power from it. \nWithout the spirit, the material consciousness could not do a thing or even live. \n\n* An android is a living organism but doesn't have a human spirit form as we do. They are capable of thinking and reasoning, but not in a evolutionary style as humans do, they aren't self-aware as we are. Consciousness-related/spiritual evolution is solely limited to all races and types of human beings (all 40,353,607 natural human races) in the Universe.\n\n* The spirit-form has from its beginning a 'basic' intelligence which is 'programmed' with all the natural-creative laws and commandments of Creation, therefore is this intelligence absolutely logical because it stems from the Creation itself, I mean with that, the basic programming = the knowledge about the natural creative laws and commandments. \n\n: You could compare it to an computer with just an operating system and no additional data yet, the operating system will acquire the data and determine what is logical or not and will accumulate the data over time. \nThis way the spirit-form accumulates knowledge over time and grows in knowledge, truth and wisdom.\n\n* Once a spirit-form reaches [[The High Council]] semi-spirit partially transparent level of existence, which might occur after 60-80 million years of material reincarnations, but which has no guarantee, then no more reincarnations take place and a spirit-form at that level will gradually evolve and transform into the first level of pure spirit-form [[Arahat Athersata]].\n\n* The first 60-80 million years of material reincarnations occurring on various planets is not a rule/given, but instead just a typical, because [[Planets]] tend to change considerably over that amount of time. \n\n* A recent low average of 60 years per material life then 90 years in the beyond between lives making 150 years per reincarnation, is somewhere between very recent, see [[Ageing]], since [[Atlantis]] and a fairly long time ago, 389,000 years ago.\n\n* It's not possible for a continuously unbroken series of incarnations to occur unless there is a sufficient living population on a planet to facilitate it.\n\n* With approximately 127 billion spirit-forms assigned to the planet waiting in the queue; it would take an extremely long time given the up to recently, relatively low population levels, for each one of those to continuously reincarnate within the parameters of the cycle.\n\n* Most human spirit-forms are less than 1.5 million years old which indicates by the mathematics below that they may have had 10,000 reincarnations at most.\n\n* Indigenous earth spirits who started reincarnating at the very start 4.5 million years ago may have had 30,000 reincarnations.\n<blockquote>\n150 years = 1 reincarnation.<br> \n1,500 years = 10 reincarnations.<br> \n15,000 years = 100 reincarnations.<br> \n150,000 years = 1,000 reincarnations.<br> \n1.5 million years = 10,000 reincarnations.<br>\n15 million years = 100,000 reincarnations.<br>\n60 million years = 400,000 reincarnations.<br>\n75 million years = 500,000 reincarnations. \n</blockquote>\n* If an average age of 60 years material life is maintained and that's probably not correct as advanced populations can live to 1,000 years and beyond then logically how many reincarnations can fit into 60-80 million years ? \n\n* The spirit-form which enlivens a human body can visit itself via time travel into the past or future.\n\n==Further Reading==\n<div style=\"column-count:4;-moz-column-count:4;-webkit-column-count:4\">\n<div id=\"mf-mainsections\" title=\"secondNavigation List\"><small>\n* [[Death, Afterlife and Rebirth]]\n* [[Death,_Afterlife_and_Rebirth#Death|Death]]\n* [[Death,_Afterlife_and_Rebirth#Afterlife|Afterlife]]\n* [[Death,_Afterlife_and_Rebirth#Structures_of_the_Spiritual_Realm|Structures of the Spiritual Realm]]\n* [[Death,_Afterlife_and_Rebirth#What_is_the_Comprehensive_Consciousness_Block.3F|The Comprehensive Consciousness Block]]\n* [[Death,_Afterlife_and_Rebirth#Evolution_in_the_Spiritual_Realm|Evolution in the Spiritual Realm]]\n* [[Human Spiritform]]\n* [[Life in Spiritual and Physical]]\n* [[Consciousness Evolution]]\n* [[Beyond Area]]\n* [[Beyond Area|Realm of the beyond]]\n* [[Beyond Area|Other worldly area]]\n* [[File:Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation.pdf|Twenty cases suggestive of reincarnation.pdf]]\n* [[File:Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation.epub|Twenty cases suggestive of reincarnation.epub]]\n</small>\n</div>\n</div>\n{{LINKNAVS2|[[File:Pinterest_UFO_Contactee_Billy_Meier_089.jpg|frameless|Source: https://www.pinterest.com/stormin3/ufo-contactee-billy-meier/|110px]]<br><br>[[File:Pinterest_UFO_Contactee_Billy_Meier_091.jpg|frameless|Source: https://www.pinterest.com/stormin3/ufo-contactee-billy-meier/|110px]]}}\n\n==Source==\n* [http://theyfly.com/sites/default/files/reincarnation%20(3)%20corrected%20May%2013%202017.pdf Q&A Forum assemblage Reincarnation PDF]\n==References==\n<references />"
                    }
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